HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem BOrange County Fire Authority
Reserve Firefighter Program
Restructuring
February 2002
Orange County Fire Authority
OCFA Strategic Plan
- Emergency Services Consulting Group
- 18 Month Process
- Reserve Program one of 6 Strategic Goals
- Adopted by OCFA Board in July 2001
z
Orange County Fire Authority
Orange County Fire Authority
OCFA Strategic Plan - Goal #6
OCFA Strategic Plan - Goal #6
Maximize the utilization of reserve and auxiliary
- Importance of issue emphasized
personnel within the jurisdictional boundaries of
- BOD identified Project Team membership
OCFA, taking into consideration need, efficiency,
- Project Team facilitated by President of ESECG
effectiveness, and reliability.
- Results to OCFA Board in February 2001
Strategic Initiative: Develop a clear and
- ESECG hired to complete additional work
productive role for reserves /volunteers...
Orange County Fire Authority
OCFA Strategic Plan - Goal #6
- Importance of issue emphasized
- BOD identified Project Team membership
- Project Team facilitated by President of ESECG
- Results to OCFA Board in February 2001
- ESECG hired to complete additional work
a
Orange County Fire Authority
ESECG Research Process
- Review of statistical information
- Geographic analysis
- Reserve officer interviews
- Review by steering committee
6
Orange County Fire Authority
OCFA Board of Directors Workshop
February 2002
Identify a lasting, safe, and meaningful role
for volunteers within the Orange County
Fire Authority
6
Orange County Fire Authority
Anticipated March Board Actions
- Adoption of definition of purpose
- Direction on general recommendations
- Direction on station specific recommendations
Definition Of Purpose
The purpose of the reserve program is to supplement other
response resources to ensure that adequate resources are
available to effectively staff and equip emergency events
occurring within the service area. Except for select stations
this does not anticipate that reserve resources will
contribute to "first -due" response performance but that
they will contribute to overall emergency incident
effectiveness by providing:
- Additional resources on major emergencies (depth)
- Station coverage during peak periods (coverage)
- Emergency service and support resources (support)
a
Orange County Fire Authority
Reserve Program Service Options
- Fully Trained Service Role
Evaluated as not effective or sustainable into the future
- EMS /Support Role
Recommended with enhancements
- Discontinue the Reserve Program
LO
Evaluated as not desirable
9
Orange County Fire Authority
Key Factors
- Safety
- Reliability-
- Sustainability
- Supportability
- Need
LO
Orange County Fire Authority
Rationale for EMS Role
- Predominate call type
- Legitimate depth need
68% of Reserve responses in 1999 & 2000 were for EMS
71% of Reserve enroutes in 1999 & 2000 were for EMS
78% of Reserve arrivals in 1999 & 2000 were for EMS
92% of Reserve arrivals first in 1999 & 2000 were for EMS
- Focused Training Requirements
Initial and Ongoing
Larger recruiting pool
12
Orange County Fire Authority
City of Seal Beach Reserves - Current
- Fire /EMS Response statistics for 1999 & 2000
183 Fire/EMS dispatches - 32.8% for fur/67.2 % for EMS
145 Fire/EMS enroutes (79.2 %) - 35% for £¢e/65% for EMS
100 Fire/EMS arrivals (54.6 %) - 34% for fnes/66% for EMS
48 FireXMS arrivals first (26.2 %) - 6.3% for fires/93.8% for EMS
43 Fire/EMS arrival first in area (23.5 %) - 7% for £rres/93% for EMS
- For the combined two -year period of 1999 -2000
Station 44 Reserves arrived first on scene in their
area 43 times (3 fire calls and 40 EMS calls)
12
Orange County Fire Authority
Station 44 Reserve Training Information
- OCFA Monthly Requirement - 12 hours
(Source: OCFA Reserve Firefighter Handbook)
- Station 44 Monthly Average in 2001 - 1.56 hours
(Source: OCFA Training Records System)
- Truck Company Operations require 105
additional hours beyond that provided in the
14
OCFA Reserve Academy
U
Orange County Fire Authority
Reserve EMS /Support Role
- Selection of suitable response vehicle based on
the role anticipated.
- Selection of appropriate reserve station staffing
levels based on local needs.
- Selection of appropriate call -out criteria based on
local needs.
14
Orange County Fire Authority
Auxiliary /Apprentice Role
- Separate from Reserve Program.
- Potential to augment current staffing levels
with fully trained apprentice firefighters.
- Individuals would work as additional fire
combat resources under the direction of, and
16
alongside full -time firefighters.
15
Orange County Fire Authority
Restructured Reserve Program
- 5 engines
- 19 EMS Squads or Patrols
- 3 Air Re- supply Units
- 3 Water tenders
365 Active Volunteers
16
Orange County Fire Authority
City of Seal Beach Reserves - Current
- 1 Engine
- 1 Truck Company
Only OCFA truck company staffed by reserves
- Roster approved for 30 reserves
�a
Orange County Fire Authority
Future Reserves Serving City of Seal Beach
- 1 EMS Squad/Patrol
- 15 Active volunteers
- Trained to higher EMS service level (EMT -D)
- Major incident support capabilities
�a
Orange County Fire Authority
Benefits of New Program
- Expanded recruitment area
- Training hours reduced and more accessible
- Provides depth for 70% of our emergencies
- Fewer people required to initiate response
- Reserve EMS Training/Service increased
19
Orange County Fire Authority
Maintains Fire Service & Enhances EMS Service
Fire response continues with full -time firefighters
Fire coverage maintained
- Aggressive Move -up Policy
- Automatic Aid Agreements in place
- Master Mutual Aid in place
- Unit Conversion
Level of EMS service increased
zo
10
Orange County Fire Authority
The OCFA remains dedicated, through a
combination of full -time firefighters and
properly focused community volunteers,
to provide safe, effective, and reliable
emergency services to the citizens of
Seal Beach
21
11
Contact these people to save Seal Beach's Fire Service level !
Orange County Fire Authority Board of Directors
1) Supervisor Todd Spitzer, Phone (714) 834 -3330, Fax (714) 834 -2786
Email " todd.soitzerAoceov.com"
2) Supervisor Thomas W. Wilson, Phone (714)834 -3550, Fax (714)834 -2670
Email "thomas.wilson(aloceov.com"
3) Rep. Cynthia Pickett, City of Aliso Viejo, 12 Journey, Allan Viejo, CA 92653
Phone (949) 425 -2500
4) Rep. Patsy Marshall, City of Buena Park, 6650 Beach Blvd., Buena Park, CA 90622 -5009
Email Pmarshall r )buenaoarkcom. Phone (714) 562 -3500, Fax (714) 562 -3506
5) Rep. Frank McCoy, City of Cypress, 5275 Orange Ave., Cypress, CA 90630
Phone (714) 229 -6700, Fax (714) 229 -6682
6) Rep. Harold Kaufman, City of Dana Point, 33282 Golden Lantern, Dana Point, CA 92629
Phone (949) 248 -9890, Fax (949) 248 -9920
7) Rep. Chris Mears, City of Irvine, One Civic Center Plaza, Irvine, CA 92623 -9575
Phone (949) 724 -6000, Fax (949) 724 -6000
8) Rep. R. Craig Scott, City of Laguna Hills, 25201 Paseo de Alicia, Suite 150, Laguna Hills, CA
92653, Phone (949) 707- 2600, Fax (949) 707- 2614
9) Rep Joe Brown, City of Laguna Niguel, 27801 La Paz, Laguna Niguel, CA 92677
Phone (949) 3624300, Fax (949) 362 -4340
10) Rep. Dr. Brenda Ross, City of Laguna Woods, 24310 Moulton Parkway, Suite K,
Laguna Woods, CA 92653, Phone (949) 452 -0600, Fax (949) 457 -8160
11) Rep. Richard Dixon, City of Lake Forest, 23161 Lake Center Drive, Suite 100, Lake Forest,CA.
92630, Phone (949) 461 -3400, Fax (949) 461 -3511
12) Rep. Ken Blake, City of La Palma, 7822 Walker St., La Palma, Ca. 90623,
Phone (714) 690 -3300, Fax (714) 523- 2141
13) Rep. Marilynn Poe, City of Los Alamitos, 3191 Katella Ave., Los Alamitos, Ca 90720 -5600,
Phone (562) 431 -3538, Fax (562) 493 -1255
14) Rep. Sherri M. Butterfield, City of Mission Viejo, 25909 Pala, Ste 150 Mission Viejo, CA 92691
Phone (949) 470 -3000, Fax (949) 859 -1386
15) Rep. Chris Lowe, Vice Chair, City of Placentia, 401 East Chapman, Placentia, CA 92870
Phone (714) 993 -8117, Fax (714) 961 -0283
16) Rep. Carol Gamble, City of Rancho Santa Margarita, 30211 Avenida de Ins Bandaras Ste 101,
Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, Phone (949) 635 -1800, Fax (949) 635 -1840
17) Rep. Susan Ritschel, Chair, City of San Clemente, 100 Avenida Presidio, San Clemente, CA
92672, Phone (949) 361 -8200, Fax (949) 361 -8283
18) Rep. John S. Gelff, City of San Juan Capistrano, 32400 Pasco Adelanto,
San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675, Phone (949) 491 -1171
19) Rep. Shawn Boyd, Phone (562) 795 -0118, City of Seal Beach, 211 8th St., Seal Beach, CA 90740
20) Rep. David John Shawver, City of Stanton, 7800 Katella Ave., Stanton, CA 90680
Phone (714) 379 -9222, Fax (714) 890 -1443
22) Rep. Tracy Wills Worley, City of Tustin, 300 Centennial Way, Tustin, CA 92780
Phone (714) 573 -3000, Fax (714) 832 -0825
23) Rep. Bob Dell, City of Villa Park, 17855 Santiago Blvd., Villa Park, CA 92861
Phom (714) 998.1500, Fax (714) 998.1508
24) Rep. Russell Paris, City of Westminster, 8200 Westminster Blvd., Westminster, CA 92683
Phone (714) 898 -3311, Fax (714) 373 -4684
25) Rep. Ken Ryan, City of Yorba Linda, 4845 Casa Loma Ave., P.O. Box 87014, Yorba Linda,CA
92885-8714, Phone (714) 961-7100, Fax (714) 961 -7100
Thanks for your support of the Seal Beach Volunteer Firefighters!
Orange County Fire
Authority
Reserve Program
Restructure Report
Prepared by:
Joe Parrott
25200 SW Parkway Ave. Suite 3
Wilsonville, OR 97070
503 -570 -7778
800- 757 -3724
` fax: 503 -570 -0522
www esecizxom
January 2002
ESECG
Emergenry Services
Education & Consulting GrouP
*Copyright 2001 MD[ Consulting Group Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy,
recording or otherwise without the expressed written permission of
Emergency Services Education and Consulting Group
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4
Introduction
4
Criteria
6
Considerations _ -
Individual Station Discussion
--8
9
Stand Alone Stations - -
9
Fire Station 1 - —
12
Fire Station 3 _
14
Station 11 -
16
Station 12
19
Station 14
Station 16
21
23
Station 25
Combination Stations
26
Station 2
26
28
Station 7
30
Station 10
Station 13
32
~ Station 18
34
Station 19
36
Station 21
38
Station 23
40
Station 24
42
Station 26
44
Station 29
46
Station 30
48
Station 32
50
Station 40
52
Station 44
54
* ESECG Emergency Services Education & Consulting Group
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Recommendations
Definition of Purpose and Services to be Provided
56
57
First -Due Response
59
Ensuring Sufficient Resources
Fully [rained For firefighting and emergency medical services
59
Fully capable to provide incident support functions outside the fire - involved building _60
Considerations when making the "service to be provided" choice
62
Other Issues of Concern
63
Station cover assignments
69
Station 1
63
Specialty units
70
Availability of qualified personnel
63
65
Apparatus types
66
Performance reporting
67
Reserve program support
68
General Recommendations
68
Definition of Purpose
Station specific recommendations — Fully trained service role
69
69
Station 1
70
Station 3
70
Station 11
70
Station 12
70
Station 14
70
Station 16
70
Station 25
71
Station 2
71
Station 7
71
Station 10
71
Station 13
71
Station 18
71
Station 19
72
Station 21
72
Station 23
* ESECG Emergency Seroices Education & Consulting Group_
2
orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 24
72
Station 26
72
Station 29 and Station 30
72
1 Station 32
73
Station 40
73
44
73
1IStation
Station specific recommendations — Incident support role
74
f
1111 Station 1
74
Station 2
75
Station 3
75
Station 7
75
Station 10
75
Station It
75
I Station 12
75
Station 13
76
Station 14
76
Station 16
76
Station 18
76
Station 19
76
Station 21
76
Station 23
76
Station 24
77
Station 25
77
Station 26
77
1 Station 29
77
Station 30
77
Station 32
77
Station 40
78
Station 44
78
Additional Option — Consider Implementation of an Auxiliary Firefighter Program-79
Final Consideration — Discontinue the Reserve Program
80
$ESECG Emergency Services Education& Consulting Group
�`� 3
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
INTRODUCTION
The delivery of fire and emergency services occurs in a constantly changing
environment. Community growth, development of new risk through technology,
changing social behaviors and the like all impact an emergency service organization.
Continually reappraising the manner in which it conducts business is a survival skill
necessary for innovative and responsive organizations.
The Orange County Fire Authority (OCFA) has recognized the need to re- evaluate and
re- engineer itself to respond to these changing conditions. Earlier this year the OCFA
adopted a Customer Centered Strategic Plan to guide it through the next six years. This
plan includes a goal to review the current reserve firefighter program and make changes
necessary to ensure it is able to provide reliable, effective and efficient service into the
future. The Board of Directors adopted this goal and the following strategic initiative to
reach it. "Develop a clear and productive role for reserves/volunteers and obtain the
policy level support for needed changes ". This report addresses the first two of seven
objectives developed to reach the goal. These objectives are:
Objective 6 -A - Identify the criteria and performance measures that shall be utilized to
determine the use and function(s) of reserves and /or auxiliary members.
Objective 6 -B — Based on the outcome of the review identified in objective 6 -A,
determine if reserve companies /stations shall remain status quo, be modified or
redefined, or de- commissioned, and implement changes as appropriate.
Criteria
There are a variety of considerations important to determining if a given reserve
company provides value to the community and can be viable as a resource for the long-
term. A number of considerations must be taken into account including the degree to
which a reserve company is utilized, the ability of the organization to staff a particular
unit, and the ability of the organization to fully support it through training and other
logistical support.
iI$ ESECG Emergency Services Education & Cowulting Croup
4
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
To capture these concerns, the following review criteria were developed. These criteria
were structured to provide a quantifiable and qualitative review of each existing reserve
company.
1. Is there a clearly identified need for the unit?
a. The number of responses in which the unit was actually utilized
(need)
b. The proximity and availability of adjacent units (alternatives)
c. The consequence of using adjacent units (availability)
d. The economic viability of alternatives (efficiency)
2. Are personnel readily available to staff the unit?
a. The ability to recruit personnel within the area (social factors)
b. The ability to retain personnel (historical attrition rates)
3. Can the unit be supported?
a. The cost and ability to provide initial and ongoing training (safety and
effectiveness)
b. The cost of maintenance /replacement/other support (efficiency)
c. Expected need for supervisory resources (risk control)
4. What type of unit provides the greatest benefit?
a. The nature of risk in the response area (required skill levels)
b. The type of responses to which the unit historically has responded
(demand)
c. The proximity of adjacent units by type (efficiency and effectiveness)
What follows is the application of these criteria to each reserve company operated by the
OCFA. This was accomplished through analysis of response data, geographic analysis,
interviews with key staff, and review of other documents pertinent to the review.
A series of recommendations has been developed designed to improve the function of
the reserve program. Finally, three options are presented with modifications specific to
each station.
ESEMEmergency Senices Educafion& Consulting Group
5
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Considerations
There are several analyses that deserve description at this point. The earlier Fire and
Emergency Services Evaluation (August 2000) identified a significant issue with reserve
reliability. In that report it was determined only 53% of incidents to which a reserve unit
was dispatched generated a response by reserves. Based on this reports more current
analysis, only 47% of incidents to which reserve units were dispatched generated a
response. There are a whole host of reasons for this low performance. It is not the
purpose of this report to identify and resolve performance issues. That is part of future
work. It is the purpose to develop an environment where the reserve program can be
successful.
The analysis conducted by this report must assume that at some point performance will
improve to a much higher reliability rate. Without such improvement the OCFA would be
unwise and irresponsible to rely on reserves for emergency response.
Value (need and utilization) will be described using both "dispatches" (the number of
times a unit was requested to respond), and "arrivals" (the number of times a unit arrived
on scene to provide service). The reliability percentage (derived from the number of
times a unit went enroute) will not be a significant factor in the analysis conducted in this
report. The number of times a unit responded compared to the number of times the unit
~ arrived is useful to determine utilization and will be part of the analysis.
Part of the discussion of utilization is the number of times a unit was actually used to
help control an event. With available data, this can only be measured by the number of
"arrivals ". What can't be measured is the number of times the unit contributed to control
of the emergency event. However, using the arrival information does provide some
sense of a reserve units "opportunity" to provide value at an emergency. This is very
important for two primary reasons:
1. Little value is gained from a unit that initiates response only to be cancelled prior
to arrival. Value is derived by effective action to control an event.
2. Personnel must have opportunities to apply skills on actual emergencies in order
to gain and maintain proficiency.
ESECG&rne>gencv Senica Education & Consulting Group
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Each station will be evaluated for its contribution to the OCFA response objectives.
Maps are provided to illustrate the station in question, its effective 'first response" reach,
based on Insurance Services Office (ISO) recommendations of a fire station within 1.5
miles of any built -upon property. That same distance is also approximately three
minutes of travel time for a responding fire engine. Travel time, plus the time it takes to
assemble personnel at the station, don equipment and initiate a response is what makes
up response time. The ISO travel distance is used since it is a nationally recognized
standard, and since the OCFA has not yet adopted a response time standard of its own.
Finally, it must be noted that in a perfect world a full spectrum of information and data is
available to evaluate a given condition. Such is not the case for OCFA. There is a
limited amount of information available for this analysis. Consequently the
recommendations cannot derive totally from quantitative analysis.
Sound professional judgment must be, and has been, applied to the recommendations.
Mathematical and statistical analysis provides valuable information to decision makers,
however ultimately decisions ought to be made based on logic and reason. Emergency
Services Education and Consulting Group has made every effort to provide experienced
based, analytically supported, recommendations to the OCFA without bias or pre-
determination. ESECG recognizes the critical importance of this issue to the OCFA and
its customers.
�j jc ESECG Emergency Servica Education &CmultingCroup
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
INDIVIDUAL STATION DISCUSSION
The OCFA operates a total of 39 response units staffed by reserves. Seven of the
OCFA stations are staffed exclusively by reserve personnel, and 15 stations are staffed
by a combination of career and reserve personnel. The tables below list the stations
with reserve personnel staffing and the response units assigned 4o them.
Standalone Stations
Station
Unit#
1
E1
P1
3
E3
P3
11
Ell
P11
12
E12
14
E14
P14
16
E16
W16
P16
25
E25
E225
P25
Combination Stations
Station
Unit #
2
E202
A2
7
E207
W7
10
E210
W10
P10
13
E213
18
E218
P18
19
E219
21
S21
23
E223
A23
24
E224
26
E226
29
E229
30
E230
A30
32
E232
40
E240
W40
44
E244
T44
There are a number of terms used in the following section to describe activity and
performance. These are:
Term
Workload
Utilization
Turnover
Low
Less than 100 dispatches
< 60% arrival on
scene
Less than 25%
Reasonable
100 — 500 dispatches
Moderate
50% -80% arrival
on scene
25%-50%
High
500 — 1000 dispatches
Greater than 80%
arrival on scene
Greater than 50%
Very High
Greater than 1000 dispatches
ESECGEmergency Services Education& Consulting Croup
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Stand Alone Stations
The OFCA operates 15 response units out of seven fire stations that are staffed
exclusively with reserve personnel. The following is a station -by- station analysis.
Fire Station 1
Fire Station 1 is located at 180 S. Water St. in the City of Orange. Staffed by 24 reserve
firefighters the station operates one Type 1' fire engine (E1) and one patro12 unit (P1).
Th. —,, hclnw shows Station 1 in relation to other OCFA stations.
The blue shading on streets indicates the area that this station can reach within 1.5
miles of travel. This distance (response zone) represents the Insurance Services Office
recommendation for distance from a fire station to built -upon property. It also represents
approximately 3 minutes of travel time at an average of 30 mph.
' Fire engines are classified by capability. A type 1 engine is primarily designed for structure
firefighting. A type 2 engine has a smaller pump, water tank and is capable of carrying fewer
personnel.
A Patrol is a unit designed specifically for wildland firefighting.
�t ESECG EmemmevS eroiceaEducaion &CansultingGmP
— -- 9
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Need
Nearly all of Station 1's response zone lies outside of the OCFA service area.
Consequently units from this station cannot contribute to achievement of the OCFA
response time objective for initial arriving company. They would begin the response with
a distance to scene handicap.
There does not appear to be much need for Station 1 as a second or greater due unit for
initial alarm other than for the unincorporated area served by Station 23. At best it would
serve this area on a third due basis following units from Station 8.
Thus the function of Engine 1 is more suited to "move -up and cover' assignments.
"Move up and cover" is when a unit is moved from it's station to another to fill in for while
that station's unit is handling a response.
The following table shows the response activity for both Station 1 units during 1999 and
2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to a
response.
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
Average
E -1
178
122
227
1 527
253.5
P -1
3
8
4
15
7.5
263 annual dispatches for Engine 1 is a good indicator that the unit has reasonable
workload to warrant its existence. The patrol, on the other hand had very few responses.
The unit is either located at the wrong station to be effectively used, or sufficient
numbers of similar units exist elsewhere in the OCFA system.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 1 to
illustrate its value in event control.
ESECGEmergency Services Education& Consulfing Group .
_ 10
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
:_..:a,.... A. ivifv fnr Fnnlnw 1 — 1999 and 2000 Combined
Res onse T e
Emer en Medical
Dis tched
178
Went Enroute
115
Arrived
122
227
527
29
110
254
16
61
172
Fire
Other
Total
Of the 254 times it went enroute it arrived on scene 172 times, 68% of the time. This is
a moderate level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 1 contains a large population of likely reserve
firefighters. The station currently is staffed with 24 reserves, however 26 have left the
service since January 1999. This is a high attrition rate mostly due to reserves being
hired into career positions with OCFA and other fire departments.
Ability to Support
Station 1 is located in the current headquarters complex of the OCFA, facilitating support
services to this station. As a standalone facility, this station requires less support than a
career station. For example, since the facility is not used to house 24 hour staff, it incurs
less wear and tear and a lesser need for supplies and furnishings associated with 24
hour occupancy.
ESECGEmefgency Senices Education& Consulting Grroap
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Fire Station 3
Fire Station 3 is located at 16861 le St. in Sunset Beach. Staffed by 13 firefighters this
station operates one Type 1 fire engine (E3) and one patrol unit (133). The map below
... ._ --- --- k,, ()CFA Stations.
shows:
Ned
Station 3 provides first -due coverage of a developed portion of the OCFA service area.
The closest adjacent OCFA station, Station 44, is well beyond a reasonable first -due
response distance. There is a station operated by the Huntington Beach Fire
Department very close to this area.
The following table shows the response activity for both Station 3 units during 1999 and
2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to a
ESECGEmergency Services Education &co+ Ming Group_ 12
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
168 annual dispatches for Engine 3 is a good indicator that the unit has sufficient
workload to warrant its existence given the size and nature of its service area. The
patrol, on the other hand had very few responses. From an activity standpoint, the unit
is either located at the wrong station to be effectively used, or sufficient numbers of
similar units exist elsewhere in the OCFA system.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 3 to
illustrate its value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 3 —1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
Dispatched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
114
35
39
Fire
21
5
5
Other
201
57
46
Total
336
97
90
There is a data error for emergency medical response "enroutes" versus "arrivals ". Of
the 97 times it went enroute it arrived on scene 90 times, 93% of the time. This is a high
level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 3 is not favorable to providing a full compliment of
reserves � The currently is staffed with 13 reserves; however, seven have left the service
since January 1999. This is also a high attrition rate and is due primarily to reserves
being hired into career positions with OCFA and other fire departments.
Ability to Support
Station 3 is fairly remote from other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support
and training to station personnel presents some challenge. As a standalone station,
though, it does not require a high degree of logistical support.
$E SECG Emergency services Education & Consulting Group ,
Y 13
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 11
Fire Station 11 is located at 259 Emerald Bay in Laguna Beach. Staffed by 12
firefighters this station operates one Type 1 fire engine (E1,) and one patrol unit (P11).
The map below shows Station 11 in relation to other nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 11 provides first -due coverage to a very small developed portion of the OCFA
service area and an area more rural in nature. The next closest OCFA stations, Stations
52 and 57 are well beyond a reasonable first -due response distance. There is a station
operated by Laguna Beach with which the OCFA has an automatic aid agreement to
provide support to the Emerald Bay area. Station 11 is strategically located to serve its
primary area.
The following table shows the response activity for both Station 11 units during 1999
and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to a
response.
$ESECG Emergency Services Education& Consulting Group
14
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
Average
E -11
72
7
67
1 146
1 73
P -11
59
33
45
1 137
68.5
In this station's case dispatches are fairly evenly divided between the patrol and engine.
Total annual dispatches of 141 indicate a reasonable need for this station. Additionally,
the distance to adjacent stations is significant meaning this station has operational
importance from a response time standpoint.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 11
and Patrol 11 to illustrate their value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 11 and Patrol 11 — 1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
D etched
an Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
131
87
93
Fire
40
25
10
Other
112
68
55
Total
283
180
158
Again a data error is noted for emergency medical response "enroutes" versus "arrivals ".
Of the 180 times Station 11 units went enroute they arrived on scene 158 times, or 88%
of the time. This is a high level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 11 is a significant challenge. However this station
has developed an innovative solution. The security firm serving this area hires most of
its personnel from OCFA reserve firefighters. These security employees are allowed to
respond to emergencies during their regular work shift. Thus this station enjoys a readily
available response team. The station currently is staffed with 12 reserves, however 7
have left the service since January 1999. This is a high attrition rate due primarily to
career hiring with OCFA and other fire departments.
Ability to Su000rt
Station 11 is fairly remote from other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support
and training to station personnel presents some challenge. As a standalone station,
though, it does not require a high degree of logistical support.
$ESECG Emergency Services Education& Consulting Group
15
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 12
Fire Station 12 is located at 8953 S. Walker in Cypress. Staffed by 14 firefighters this
station operates one Type 1 fire engine (E12). The map below shows Station 12 in
relation to other nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 12 is surrounded by other career and combination stations. The map below
shows the affect of removing Station 12 on the 1.5 mile response coverage in this area.
Recall, that the blue shaded streets are those that are within 1.5 miles of a fire station.
* ESECG EmergencySeroices Educatiox & Coxsultixg Croup
16
Orange County Fire Authority— Reserve Program Restructure Report
There is no appreciable loss of coverage. None, when you consider that reserve
company turnout times are much longer than career companies because of the home to
station travel time required of reserve personnel. Adjacent stations very adequately
cover this region.
The following table shows the response activity for the Station 12 unit during 1999 and
2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to a
response.
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
Avera e
E -12
1 616
99
1 426
1141
570.5
Total annual dispatches of 570 indicate a reasonable need for this station.
ESECGEmergency Se"ica Educa=& C— UfixgG upu
17
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 12
to illustrate its value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 12 — 1999 and 2000 Combined
Res I T e
Dispatched
Went Enroute
Arrived
E cy Medical
616
284
188
Fire
99
57
33
Other
426
182
97
Total
1141
523
318
Of the 523 times Engine 12 went enroute it arrived on scene 318 times, or 61% of the
time. This is a moderate level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 12 provides a good supply of interested applicants.
The station currently is staffed with 14 reserves; however, ten have left the service since
January 1999. This, like previously discussed stations, is a high attrition rate driven
mostly by career hiring with OCFA and other fire departments.
Ability to Support
Station 12 is close to other OCFA stations. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not be a challenge. As a standalone station, though, it does
not require a high degree of logistical support.
$k ESECG Emergency Seroim Education& Consulting Grou_P_
�� 18
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 14
Fire Station 14 is located at 29402 Silverado Canyon Rd in Silverado Canyon. Staffed
by only 6 firefighters this station operates one Type 2 fire engine (E14) and one patrol
unit (P14). The map below shows Station 14 in relation to other nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 14 provides first -due coverage to a difficult to access portion of the OCFA
service area, an area more rural in nature. The next closest stations, Stations 15 (a
career station) and 16 (another reserve standalone station) are well beyond a
reasonable first -due response distance. Station 14 is strategically located to serve its
primary area.
The following table shows the response activity for both Station 14 units during 1999
and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to a
response.
$ESECG Emergency Servica Educah'ou &Co=lting Group
19
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
38
35
Fire
50
20
Avera e
E -14
1 43
22
1 42
107
53.5
P -14
1 20
1 28
1 21
69
1 34.5
In this station's case dispatches are fairly evenly divided between the patrol and engine.
Total annual dispatches of 88 would not in itself indicate a reasonable need for this
station. However, the distance to adjacent stations is significant giving this station
operational importance from a response time standpoint.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 14
and Patrol 14 to illustrate their value in event control.
Incident Activitv for Engine 14 and Patrol 14 —1999 and 2000 Combined
Res mse Type
Dispatched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emer a icy Medical
63
38
35
Fire
50
20
9
Other
63
32
21
Total
176
90
65
Of the 90 times Station 14 units went enroute they arrived on scene 65 times, or 72% of
the time. This is a moderate level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 14 is reported to have people who could be
recruited into the program. The station currently is staffed with six reserves; however,
five have left the service since January 1999. This is a high turnover.
Ability to Support
Station 14 is fairly remote from other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support
and training to station personnel presents some challenge. As a standalone station,
though, it does not require a high degree of logistical support. -
ESECGEmergenrySmices Education Cowulting Grout,
20
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 16
Fire Station 16 is located at 28891 Modjeska Canyon Rd in Silverado Canyon. Staffed
by 18 firefighters this station operates one Type 2 fire engine (E16), a water tender
(W16), and one patrol unit (P16). The map below shows Station 16 in relation to other
nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 16 provides first -due coverage to a more rural area of the OCFA service area.
The next closest stations, Stations 42 and 15 is well beyond a reasonable first -due
response distance. Station 16 is strategically located to serve its primary area.
The following table shows the response activity for Station 16 units during 1999 and
2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to a
response.
ESECG ><mergency Seroices Education & Consulting Group
21
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
Average
E -16
69
31
61
161
80.5
Other
3
55
10
68
34
R 1
P -16
30
25
18
73
36.5
Total annual dispatches of 151 indicate a reasonable need for this station. Additionally,
the distance to adjacent stations is significant meaning this station has operational
importance from a response time standpoint.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 16,
Water Tender 16 and Patrol 16 to illustrate their value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine, Water Tender and Patrol 16 — 1999 and 2000
Combined
Response Type
Dispatched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
102
81
75
Fire
111
59
34
Other
89
65
29
Total
302
205
138
Of the 205 times Station 16 units went enroute they arrived on scene 138 times, or 67%
of the time. This is a moderate level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 16 provides a reasonable pool of potential
reserves. The station currently is staffed with 18 reserves; however, only three have left
the service since January 1999. This is a very low attrition rate attributed to the nature
of the community and good station leadership.
Ability to Support
Station 16 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a standalone station, though, it
does not require a high degree of logistical support.
IY ESECG Emergency Services Education & Consulting Group _.
22
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
i
Station 25
Fire Station 25 is located at 8171 Bolsa Ave in Midway City. Staffed by 14 firefighters
this station operates two Type 1 fire engines (E25 and E225), and one patrol unit (P25).
The map below shows Station 25 in relation to other nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 25 provides first -due coverage to a suburban area of the OCFA service area.
The next closest stations, Stations 64 and 66 are within a reasonable first -due response
distance of the area served by Station 25. The following map shows the affect of
removing Station 25 from the system. The blue shaded streets are those that are within
1.5 miles of a fire station.
ESECG Emergency Service Education& Comsulting Group
42 23
Orange County Fire Authority— Reserve Program Restructure Report
As can be seen there is virtually no change in the amount of OCFA service area that is
within 1.5 miles of afire station.
The following table shows the response activity for Station 25 units during 1999 and
2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to a
response.
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
Average
E -25
1816
252
871
2939
1469.5
E -225
284
146
323
753
376.5
P -25
30
1
15
46
23
Total annual dispatches of 1,869 are a substantial number for a reserve unit. It's greater
than some career stations in the OCFA system.
�S�4N Emergency Services Education & Consultbw Group
24
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 25,
Engine 225, and Patrol 25 to illustrate their value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engines 25, 225 and Patrol 25 —1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
Dispatched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
2130
1496
1228
Fire
399
240
126
Other
1209
795
420
Total
3738
2531
1774
Of the 2531 times Station 25 units went enroute they arrived on scene 1774 times, or
70% of the time. This is a moderate level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 25 provides a good supply of potential applicants.
The station currently is staffed with 14 reserves; however, 24 have left the service since
January 1999. This is a very high attrition rate due primarily to personnel being hired to
career positions with OCFA and other fire departments.
Ability to Support
Station 25 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a standalone station, though, it
does not require a high degree of logistical support.
$ E SEC G Emergency Services Edaeotion & Consulting Croup
25
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Combination Stations
The OCFA operates 15 stations with both career and reserve personnel. A similar
analysis to that conducted for standalone stations follows for combination stations.
Station 2
Fire Station 2 is located at 3642 Green Ave in Los Alamitos. 14 reserve firefighters staff
one Type 1 fire engine (E202), a hose tender, and one air unit (A2). Career personnel
staff a Type 1 engine. The map below shows Station 2 in relation to other nearby OCFA
stations.
Need
Station 2 reserves provide back -up response to a suburban area of the OCFA service
area. The next closest stations, Stations 48 and 17 are also located within a reasonable
distance to provide additional support to incidents in Station 2's area.
Sl ESECG EmergencySeroices Education & Consulting Gmup
26
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
The following table shows the response activity for Station 2 reserve units during 1999
and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to a
response.
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
Average
E -202
142
Fire
102
372
616
308
A -2
12
187
41
240
120
Total annual dispatches of 428 indicate reasonable activity for this station.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 202,
and Air Unit 2 to illustrate their value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 202 and Air Unit 2 — 1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
Dispatched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
154
80
58
Fire
289
179
103
Other
413
188
69
Total
856
447
230
Of the 447 times Station 2 units went enroute they arrived on scene 230 times, or 51%
of the time. This is a somewhat low level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 2 is reported to have a readily available pool of
applicants. The station currently is staffed with 14 reserves; however, 15 have left the
service since January 1999. This is a high attrition rate due in part to career hiring with
OCFA and other fire departments, and some dissatisfaction with the program.
Ability to Support
Station 2 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
$ESECG Emergency Servica Educatiion& Consulting Group
27
Orange County Fire Authority _ Reserve Pr
ogram Restructure Report
Station 7
Fire Station 7 is located at 31865 Del Obispo in San Juan Capistrano. 14 re
areer
ee
firefighters staff one Type 2 fire engine (E207), and one water tender (W7). C s ry
personnel staff Type 1 engine and a medic unit. The map below shows Station 7 in
relation to other nearby OCFA stations.
Ned
Station 7 reserves provide back -up response to a suburban area of the OCFA service
area. Of the next closest stations, only Station 29 is located within a reasonable
distance to provide additional support to incidents in Station Ts area.
The following table shows the response activity for Station 7 reserve units during 1999
and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to a
response.
ESECGE- %en ySeroices Educatron & Comulh'
ng Group
28
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
Average
E -207
336
157
576
1071
535.5
W -7
51
74
100
225
112.5
Total annual dispatches of 648 indicate reasonable activity for this station.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 207
and Water Tender 7 to illustrate their value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 207 and Water Tender 7 —1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
Dispatched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
389
165
105
Fire
231
113
57
Other
676
235
67
Total
1296
513
229
Of the 513 times Station 7 units went enroute they arrived on scene 229 times, or 45%
of the time. This is a low level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
Recruitment for this station is challenged by the 5- minute home to station rule. With a
more relaxed standard additional applicants are reported to be more available. The
station c6rrently is staffed with 14 reserves; however, 11 have left the service since
January 1999. This is a high attrition rate due mostly to career hiring with OCFA and
other fire departments.
Ability to Support
Station 7 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
ESECGFrne>gen ySeru ces EducaHox &Consulting rrmup
29
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 10
Fire Station 10 is located at 18422 E Lemon Ave. in Yorba Linda. 12 reserve firefighters
staff one Type 2 fire engine (E210), one water tender (W10), and a patrol unit (1310).
Career personnel staff Type 1 engine. The map below shows Station 10 in relation to
other nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 10 reserves provide back -up response to a suburban area of the OCFA service
area. The next closest stations, Stations 34 and 32 are also located within a reasonable
distance to provide additional support to incidents in Station 10's area.
The following table shows the response activity for Station 10 reserve units during 1999
and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to a
response.
ESEM EmOgrney Smica Education& Consulting Group
30
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
Average
E -210
81
112
175
309
502
251
W -10
221
1
50
19
70
35
P -10
9
13
12
34
17
Total annual dispatches of 303 indicate reasonable activity for this station.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 210,
Water Tender 10 and Patrol 10 to illustrate their value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 210, Water Tender 10 and Patrol 10
1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
Dispatched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
91 -
71
56
Fire
175
111
54
Other
340
221
62
Total
606
403
172
Of the 403 times Station 10 units went enroute they arrived on scene 172 times, or 43%
of the time. This is a low level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 10 provides reasonable opportunity to attract
applicants. The station currently is staffed with 12 reserves; however, 19 have left the
service since January 1999. This is a very high attrition rate.
Ability to Support
Station 10 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
$ESECG Emergency Services Education& Consulting Group
31
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 13
Fire Station 13 is located at 7622 Walker St in La Palma. 13 reserve firefighters staff
one Type 1 fire engine (E213). Career personnel staff Type 1 engine. The map below
shows Station 13 in relation to other nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 13 reserves provide back -up response to a suburban area of the OCFA service
area. The next closest stations, Stations 12 (a reserve standalone station) 63 and 61
are also located within a reasonable distance to provide additional support to incidents in
Station 13's area.
The following table shows the response activity for the Station 13 reserve unit during
1999 and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to
a response.
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
Average
LE -213
I 136
112
315
1 565
282.5
SlESECG EmIWnty S— ic& Edwadon& Comulting Group
�..._... 32
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Total annual dispatches of 282.5 indicate reasonable activity for this station.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 213
to illustrate its value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 213 - 1999 and 2000 Combined
Res orise Type
s etched
WentEnroute
Arrived
Emer enc y Medical
138
29
Fire
112
13
6
Other
315
36
20
Total
565
78
49
Of the 78 times Engine 213 went enroute it arrived on scene 49 times, or 63% of the
time. This is a moderate level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
Recruitment in the area around Station 13 has been a challenge. Some of that may be
due to competition for personnel with nearby Station 12. The station currently is staffed
with 13 reserves; however, only two have left the service since January 1999. This is a
very low attrition rate.
Ability to Support
Station 13 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
$ESECG Emergency Services Education& Consulting Group
......_.. 33
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 18
Fire Station 18 is located at 30942 Trabuco Canyon Rd. 10 reserve firefighters staff one
Type 2 fire engine (E218) and a patrol unit (P18). Career personnel staff Type 1 engine.
The map below shows Station 18 in relation to other nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 18 reserves provide back -up response to a more rural area of the OCFA service
area. The next closest station, Station 45, is located within a reasonable distance to
Provide additional support to incidents in Station 18's area.
The following table shows the response activity for the Station 18 reserve unit during
1999 and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to
aresponse.
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
E -218
26
53
1 96
175
Avera e
87.5
P-18
1 12
41
1 14
1 67
33.5
$I ESECG Emergency Semica Education& Consu[ting Group
34
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Total annual dispatches of 121 indicate reasonable activity for this station.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 218
and Patrol 18 combined to illustrate their value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 218 and Patrol 18 - 1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
Dispatched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
38
19
15
Fire
94
37
14
Other
110
49
5
Total
242
105
72
Of the 105 times Station 18 units went enroute they arrived on scene 72 times, or 68%
of the time. This is a moderate level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 18 is reported to have a ready supply of potential
applicants. The station currently is staffed with ten reserves; however, 11 have left the
service since January 1999. This is a high attrition rate mostly due to career hiring with
OCFA and other fire departments.
« Ability to Support
Station 18 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
ISl ESECG Emergency Serulc esEdwation & Consulting Group
35
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 19
Fire Station 19 is located at 23022 El Toro Rd. in Lake Forest. 18 reserve firefighters
staff one Type '1 fire engine (E219). Career personnel staff Type 1 engine. The map
below shows Station 19 in relation to other nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 19 reserves provide back -up response to a suburban area of the OCFA service
area. The next closest stations, Stations 38, 54 and 22 are also located within a
reasonable distance to provide additional support to incidents in Station 19's area.
The following table shows the response activity for the Station 19 reserve unit during
1999 and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to
a response.
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
Avere9e
1 E -219
726
217
1 874
1817
1 908.5
Total annual dispatches of 908.5 indicate high activity for this station.
$I ESEM Emergency Servica Education& Consulting Group
36
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 219
combined to illustrate their value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 219 - 1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
Dis etched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
726
260
189
Fire
217
76
53
Other
874
226
120
Total
1817
562
362
Of the 562 times Engine 219 went enroute it arrived on scene 362 times, or 64% of the
time. This is a moderate level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 19 is reported to provide a ready supply of
applicants. The station currently is staffed with 18 reserves; however, 11 have left the
service since January 1999. This is a high attrition rate attributed to career hiring with
OCFA and other fire departments.
Ability to Support
Station 19 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
* ESECG >4mergencyServices Education & Consulting Group
37
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 21
Fire Station 21 is located at 1241 Irvine Blvd in Tustin. S reserve firefighters staff one
Squad (S -21). Career personnel staff Type 1 engine and a medic unit. The map below
�h�ws Station 21 in relation to other nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 21 reserves provide support response to a suburban area of the OCFA service
area. The next closest stations, Stations 37 and 43 are also located within a reasonable
distance to provide additional support to incidents in Station 21's area.
The following table shows the response activity for the Station 21 reserve unit during
1999 and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to
a response.
Total annual dispatches of 451.5 indicate reasonable activity for this station.
M ESEM Emergency Sesv ces Education & Consulting Group
38
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Squad 21 to
illustrate its value in event control.
Incident Activity for Squad 21 -1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
Dis atched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
303
184
134
Fire
142
103
52
Other
458
262
125
Total
903
549
311
Of the 549 times Squad 21 went enroute it arrived on scene 311 times, or 57% of the
time. This is a fairly low level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
Recruitment of reserves in the area around Station 21 is reported to be difficult. The
station currently is staffed with 8 reserves; however, 11 have left the service since
January 1999. This is a high attrition rate due primarily to career hiring with OCFA and
other fire departments, and to some degree dissatisfaction with the program.
Ability to Support
Station 21 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
$ESEM Emergmey Smica Education & Con lting Gm,up
�' 39
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 23
Fire Station 23 is located at 5020 Santiago Canyon Rd in the City of Orange. 20 reserve
firefighters staff one Type 2 fire engine (E223) and an air unit (A23). Career personnel
staff Type 1 engine. The map below shows Station 23 in relation to other nearby OCFA
stations.
Need
Station 23 reserves provide back -up response to a suburban area of the OCFA service
area. The next closest stations, Stations 1 (standalone reserve station) 21, 8 and 43 are
also located somewhat distant from Station 23's area to provide prompt back -up
coverage. There are three City of Orange fire stations with which the OCFA has
automatic aid agreements in a reasonable response distance to Station 23.
The following table shows the response activity for Station 23 reserve units during 1999
and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to a
response.
WESEMEmergency ServicesEducation &ConsultingGroup 40
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
236
146
Fire
69
39
Avera e
E -223
337
69
193
599
299.5
A -23
no data
available'
Total annual dispatches of 299.5 indicate reasonable activity for this station.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 223
to illustrate its value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 223 - 1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
Dis ate d
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
337
236
146
Fire
69
39
22
Other
193
105
31
Total
599
380
199
Of the 380 times Engine 223 went enroute it arrived on scene 199 times, or 52% of the
time. This is a low level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 23 is reported to provide a ready supply of potential
reserves The station currently is staffed with 20 reserves; however, 12 have left the
service since January 1999. This is a fairly high attrition rate due largely to career hiring
with OCFA and other fire departments.
Ability to Support
Station 23 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
3 Air Unit 23 was assigned to this station in 2001, thus no response data is available for the study
years 1999 and 2000
* ESECG Emergency Semites Education & Coneulting Gmup
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 24 g in Mission Viejo. 12 reserve
Fire Station 24 is located at 25862 Marguerite Pkwy e 1 engine.
firefighters staff one Type 1 fire engine (E224). Career personnel staff Typ
Tha man below shows Station 24 in relation to other nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 24 reserves provide back -up response to a suburban area of the OCFA service
area. The next closest stations, Stations 9 and 58 are also located within a reasonable
distance to provide additional support to incidents in Station 24's area.
The following table shows the response activity for the Station 24 reserve unit during
1999 and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to
Total annual dispatches of 793.5 indicate high activity for this station.
ESECGEmer gmcys micesEducatiox &ConsultingGroup 42
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 224
to illustrate its value in event control.
Ineidnnt Activity for Ermine 224 - 1999 and 2000 Combined
Res onse Type
--Dispatched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emer a icy Medical
587
234
180
Fire
169
57
28
Other
831
252
120
Total
1587
543
328
Of the 543 times Engine 224 went enroute it arrived on scene 328 times, or 60% of the
time. This is a moderate level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
It was reported that recruitment of reserves in this area is difficult due to the
demographic nature of the community. The station currently is staffed with 12 reserves;
however, 24 have left the service since January 1999. This is a very high attrition rate
due to career hiring with OCFA and other fire departments, transfers to other stations
and a degree of dissatisfaction with the program.
Ability to Support
Station 24 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
C ESECG Emergency Servica Education& Comulting Group
43
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 26
Fire Station 26 is located at 4691 Walnut Ave in Irvine. 19 reserve e firghters staff one medic unit. The
Type 1 fire engine (E226). Career personnel staff Type 1 engine
._ _,_.....�.,,..,� station 26 in relation to other nearby OCFA stations.
Ned
Station 26 reserves provide back -up response to a suburban area of the OCFA service
area. The next closest stations, Stations 36 and 20 are also located within a reasonable
distance to provide additional support to incidents in Station 26's area.
The following table shows the response activity for the Station 26 reserve unit during
1999 and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to
Total annual dispatches of 732.5 indicate high activity for rms sLau.i
= V CF CG Emergency S -r ce EdacaNun & Consulting Coup, , ._, 44
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 226
to illustrate its value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 226 - 1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
Dispatched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
534
169
93
Fire
168
42
18
Other
763
187
74
Total
1465
398
185
Of the 398 times Engine 226 went enroute it arrived on scene 185 times, or 46% of the
time. This is a low level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
Recruitment in the Station 26 area is reported to be difficult. The station currently is
staffed with 19 reserves (10 of which are described as "active "), however 9 have left the
service since January 1999. This is a moderate attrition rate primarily to career hiring
with OCFA and other fire departments.
Ability to Support
Station 26 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
$ ESECG Emergency Services Education & Consulting Group
45
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Fire Station 29 is located at 26111
Career personnel staff Type 1 engine.
below shows Station 29 in relation to other nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 29 reserves provide back -up response to a suburban area of the OCFA service
area. The next closest stations, Stations 30 and 50 are also located within a reasonable
distance to provide additional support to incidents in Station 26's area.
The following table shows the response activity for the Station 29 reserve unit during
1999 and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to
a response.
Total annual dispatches of 557 indicate fairly high activity for this station.
SESECG Emergency Services Education & Consulting GrouP 46
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 229
to illustrate its value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 229 - 1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
Dispatched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
400
132
65
Fire
169
45
24
Other
545
143
54
Total
1114
320
163
Of the 320 times Engine 229 went enroute it arrived on scene 163 times, or 51% of the
time. This is a low level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The senior reserve officers at this station report that the recruitment area around Station
29 is an easy area from which to draw recruits. The station currently is staffed with 11
reserves; however, 15 have left the service since January 1999. This is a high attrition
rate due largely to career hiring with OCFA and other fire departments.
Ability to Support
Station 29 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
$ESECG Emergency Smico Education& Consulting Group
47
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
ation 30
Fire Station 30 is located at 23831 Stonehill Dr. in Dana Point. 12 reserve firefighters
staff one Type 1 fire engine (E230) and an air unit (A30). Career personnel staff Type 1
engine. The map below shows Station 30 in relation to other nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 30 reserves provide back -up response to a suburban area of the OCFA service
area. The next closest stations, Stations 7, 29 and 49 are also located within a
reasonable distance to provide additional support to incidents in Station 30's area.
The following table shows the response activity for the Station 30 reserve unit during
1999 and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to
a response.
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
Average
E -230
1 162
110
421
693
346.5
A -30
1 13
158
29
200
100
ISlESECGF.' me rgencyS eroicaEducation &ConsultingGroup
48
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Total annual dispatches of 446.5 indicate reasonable activity for this station.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 230
and Air Unit 30 to illustrate their value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 230 and Air Unit 30 - 1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
Dispatched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
175
63
52
Fire
268
77
45
Other
450
102
42
Total
893
242
139
Of the 242 times Station 30 units went enroute they arrived on scene 328 times, or 57%
of the time. This is a fairly low level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 30 is reported to have a ready supply of applicants.
The station currently is staffed with 12 reserves (six of whom are described as active);
however, 13 have left the service since January 1999. This is a high attrition rate largely
due to career hiring with OCFA and other fire departments.
Ability to Support
Station 30 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
SlESECGEmergency Services Education& Comulting Group., 49
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 32
Fire Station 32 is located at 20990 Yorba Linda Blvd in Yorba Linda. 11 reserve
firefighters staff one Type 2 fire engine (E232). Career personnel staff Type 1 engine
and a medic unit. The map below shows Station 32 in relation to other nearby OCFA
stations.
Need
Station 32 reserves provide back -up response to suburban area of the OCFA service
area. The next closest stations, Stations 10 and 53 are also located within a reasonable
distance to provide additional support to incidents in Station 32's area though additional
support is more distant in this case.
The following table shows the response activity for the Station 32 reserve unit during
1999 and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to
a response.
$ESECG E ;nergencySeroice Education &ComultiugCroup
`_ 50
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Unit
EMS
Fire
her
Total
Annual
Average
E -232
140
Fire
97
370
607
1 303.5
Total annual dispatches of 303.5 indicate reasonable activity for this station.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 232
to illustrate its value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 232 - 1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
Dispatched
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
140
130
119
Fire
97
70
33
Other
370
268
88
Total
607
468
240
Of the 468 times Station 32 units went enroute they arrived on scene 240 times, or 51%
of the time. This is a low level of utilization. This station has a better response reliability
than most, but still does not provide the level of reliability needed to be depended upon
for initial response. -
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 32 provides a ready pool of applicants. The station
. currently is staffed with 11 reserves; however, 16 have left the service since January
1999. This is a high attrition rate largely due to career hiring with OCFA and other fire
departments.
Ability to Support
Station 32 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
ESECGEmergency Services Education & Consulting Group
51
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 40
Fire Station 40 is located at 25082 Vista del Verde in Coto de Caza. 6 reserve
firefighters staff one Type 2 fire engine (E240) and a water tender (W40). Career
personnel staff Type 1 engine. The map below shows Station 40 in relation to other
nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 40 reserves provide back -up response to a suburban area of the OCFA service
area. The next closest stations, Stations 18 and 45 are also located within a reasonable
distance to provide additional support to incidents in Station 40's area.
The following table shows the response activity for Station 40 reserve units during 1999
and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to a
response.
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
Average
E -240
1 29
36
1 85
150
75
W-40
1 2
63
1 13
78
39
SESECG EmergencySmica Education & Consulting Group
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Total annual dispatches of 114 indicate low activity for this station.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 240
and Water Tender 40 to illustrate their value in event control.
Incident Activitv for Engine 240 and Water Tender 40 .1999 and 2000 Combined
Response Type
Dis a d
Went Enroute
Arrived
Emergency Medical
31
17
14
Fire
99
25
15
Other
98
22
10
Total
228
64
39
Of the 64 times Station 40 units went enroute they arrived on scene 39 times, or 61 % of
the time. This is a moderate level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 40 is a challenge within the Coto de Caza
community, but beyond that there is reported to be a good pool of applicants. The
station currently is staffed with seven reserves; however, 13 have left the service since
January 1999. This is a high attrition rate largely due to career hiring with OCFA and
other fire departments.
Ability to Support
Station 40 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
ESECG EmM.,ySmx. Education& Co=fting Grompr
53
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 44
Fire Station 44 is located at 718 Central Ave in Seal Beach. 20 reserve firefighters staff
one Type 1 fire engine (E244) and a ladder truck (T44). Career personnel staff Type 1
engine. The map below shows Station 44 in relation to other nearby OCFA stations.
Need
Station 44 reserves provide back -up response to a suburban area of the OCFA service
area. The next closest stations, Stations 3, 48 and 65 are also located within a
reasonable distance to provide additional support to incidents in Station 44's area
though additional support is more distant.
The following table shows the response activity for the Station 44 reserve unit during
1999 and 2000 combined. The table lists the number of times the unit was dispatched to
a response.
Unit
EMS
Fire
Other
Total
Annual
Av'ra e
E -224
1 90
28
115
233
116.5
T -44
1 33
32
119
184
92
Si ESECG Emergencysmices Education & consulting cs up
_ 54
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Total annual dispatches of 208.5 indicate reasonable activity for this station.
The next chart shows the number of dispatches versus arrivals on scene for Engine 244
and Truck 44 to illustrate their value in event control.
Incident Activity for Engine 244 and Truck 44 -1999 and 2000 Cornbined
Res o Ise Type
Dis atched
Went Enroute
Emer enc Medical
123
94
Fire
60
51
Other
234
194
Total
417
339
Arrived
66
34
105
205
Of the 339 times Station 44 units went enroute they arrived on scene 205 times, or 60%
of the time. This is a moderate level of utilization.
Personnel Availability
The recruitment area around Station 44 is reported to provide a ready supply of
applicants. The station currently is staffed with 20 reserves; however, nine have left the
service since January 1999. This is a moderate attrition rate due largely to career hiring
with OCFA and other fire departments.
. Ability to Support
Station 44 is near other OCFA activity areas. Providing logistical support and training to
station personnel should not present a challenge. As a combination station, the reserve
component can be efficiently supported along with the career component.
$ESECG Emergency Service Education&CoasulrI'Kaoup
55
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
RECOMMENDATIONS
What follows are specific recommendations for improvement of the reserve program.
The recommendations define the program's central purpose, define changes to
operational practices and provide specific recommendations, and options, for each
existing reserve company.
Definition of Purpose and Services to be Provided
Volunteer firefighters (reserves) have been used by the Orange County Fire Authority
since its inception many years ago. Though the program has undergone a series of
evolutionary changes, its purpose has remained largely unchanged. During the
research and interviews involved in developing this report it was apparent that the
reserve program has no clear definition of purpose that is widely accepted within the
organization.
There were two central themes expressed by members of the organization to describe
the current purpose of the reserve program:
1. To ensure prompt first -due unit response and arrival to emergencies.
2. To ensure sufficient resources are available to effectively control emergency
events (depth of service).
These two purposes are uniquely different and independently drive the structure of the
reserve program and the manner in which it is used. The attempt to achieve the first
purpose also seems to be central to the issue of reliability.
In addition, there is a need to identify, very specifically, the kinds of services reserve
personnel will provide. It's a reality that reserves can not provide everything that career
personnel can. The training demands would simply be too great. A choice must be
made about the role reserves should play in the organization that allows them to
contribute to the mission of the OCFA and ensures they are fully trained and equipped
for that role.
ESECGEmergency Service Education& Consulting Group
56
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
OF
This report presents two options for how reserves could be utilized in the OCFA
emergency response system. They are:
1. Fully capable to deliver fire suppression and basic life support emergency
medical care services.
2. Fully capable to provide incident support functions outside the fire- involved
building.
The implications of these two options are significant in redeveloping this resource.
Training programs and delivery systems, apparatus choices, and incident procedures
will all need redefinition based on the choice selected.
Purpose
First -Due Response
Though the OCFA has not yet formally adopted a first -due unit response time objective,
arrival within five minutes is used as a planning criteria. In order to achieve this
objective no more than five minutes can pass between the initial dispatch of units to the
emergency until arrival by the first unit. There are two phases associated with this
action; turnout (assembling response crews on the vehicle and initiating the response)
and travel (movement of the vehicle from its location at the time of dispatch to the
location of the emergency).
Turnout time is minimized when response personnel are already at the fire station. The
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 1710 has defined acceptable
turnout time as 60 seconds or less for areas served by substantially career departments.
This allows up to four minutes of travel time to achieve the five minute response time
objective.
Reserve units normal turnout time is going to be longer. Personnel responding from
home must first drive to the fire station and then assemble on the vehicle and initiate
response. Depending on time of day and availability of personnel this can take as much
or more time to accomplish than the overall response time objective allows. The
likelihood of a reserve company contributing to achievement of the overall first -due
response time objective is very low.
$ESECS Frnergency Senica Edncatiun & Conaufting Gmup
57
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
The OCFA has tried to address this by calling in the reserves assigned to a particular
station anytime the career unit in that station is dispatched to an emergency. This allows
reserves to be at the fire station, just like assigned career personnel, before the next
emergency occurs. Unfortunately this creates a significant response workload on
reserve personnel that, often times, is overwhelming.
One of the significant factors driving the loss of volunteer firefighters, nationally, is
workload. People only have so much time to give in service to their community. Other
demands including work and family, plus the time that must be spent in training,
preclude a volunteer firefighter from being able to commit to significant levels of
workload. Reasonable response loads range between 100 and 500 responses per year.
Most OCFA reserve units are handling workload well in excess of the target.
The combination of direct dispatches (when the reserve unit is specifically called to
respond to an emergency) and "cover" assignments (when reserve personnel are called
to the station to standby when that station's career unit is on a response) is creating
individual unit workloads of as much as 2500 -3000 calls per year.
To address the issue of workload a number of reserve companies have attempted to
divide their staff into sub - groups, each of which would be assigned to shifts and
expected to be available for response during that defined time period. Aside from
requiring a significant number of reserves per company there is also some legal concern
about this practice.
In order to retain the status of "volunteer" rather than "employee" a person must be free
to choose when to perform the service. Scheduling shifts and requiring a person to be
available and respond during that time period threatens their volunteer status.
Based on these factors it appears unrealistic to expect that reserves can effectively fulfill
the purpose of providing prompt first -due unit response, except for select "standalone"
stations".
° Stations in which only a reserve unit exists
M ESEW Emergency Services Education & Consulting Group
58
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Ensuring Sufficient Resources
OCFA reserves do contribute to the ability of the department to ensure adequate
resources are available to effectively manage emergency events. This is most
particularly true during those times when response activity has committed a large
number of career units. Reserves are called in to refill stations and provide additional
resources on the scene of emergencies in progress. Response time is less a factor than
reliability.
Generally, the workload associated with this purpose on individual reserve units is
reasonable and within the targets described earlier.
Services to be Provided
OCFA reserves have always been used as fully trained firefighters. This is a traditional
role retained from the formation of the organization many years ago. Today it continues
to be the practice in fire departments across the country.
However, in an urban setting, like Orange County, it is appropriate to rethink this role in
light of the way the community has changed over time. It must be asked if this traditional
role continues to be the best use of this valuable resource.
Fully trained for firefighting and emergency medical services
The OCFA staffs for emergency response primarily with career firefighters. This is done
to reduce response time, ensure sufficient resources are available to manage
emergency events and to take care of the daily activities required to operate a modern
fire and emergency service organization. Reserves have been used in recent years to
augment the career staffs emergency response capability.
Training and equipping reserve personnel as fully trained firefighters enables these
people to provide most emergency response services. This is useful during times of
peak response volume and for major fire emergencies. Though not as fully capable as
career response companies, reserves trained to provide firefighting and EMS services
expand the resources available to the OCFA.
$t ESECG Emergency Semite Education& Consuiting Grout)
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
The level of effort required of the OCFA to maintain reserves as fully trained firefighters
is substantial, most notable in the area of initial and ongoing training. This represents a
significant challenge to not only the OCFA, but to the individual members of the reserve
program because of the time needed to satisfy the various training requirements. If the
"full service" role for reserves is to be continued diligence must be paid to this need. The
safety of individuals working at emergencies is of paramount importance. In addition,
the OCFA's exposure to liability must be minimized.
The OCFA incurs a great deal of expense ensuring reserve personnel are provided the
necessary equipment and appropriate apparatus to provide full service. Fire engines are
very expensive to purchase and maintain. Equipping fire engines, and testing and
maintaining that equipment, also carries a considerable ongoing cost.
The reward for the effort and expenditure is the provision of additional resources for
management of the emergency response needs of the service area.
Fully capable to provide incident support functions outside the fire- involved building
An alternative to fully trained firefighters, being used more frequently across the country,
is the concept of "incident support personnel ". Recognizing that the number of on -scene
personnel who actually enter a fire involved building is small compared to the total
number who respond to the scene, many departments are training their volunteer
(reserve) firefighters as incident support staff rather than interior combat personnel. In
this role reserves would perform such functions as:
• establishing personnel "rehab':s
• providing victim support.
• replacing and refilling self contained breathing apparatus cylinders.
• setting up lights and power sources.
• shuttling equipment.
• assisting with returning apparatus to service.
• assisting the command officer with incident management.
• assist with fire investigations.
5 A place on an emergency scene for firefighters who have been involved in the effort to go to in
order to rest, refresh and have their medical vital signs monitored
SIESECGEmergency Services Education& Consulting Group
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
benefits of this role as compared to the fully trained firefighter role are several:
• Personnel can be trained to perform these functions in a much shorter time
placing them in a "response ready' position more quickly.
• Maintaining levels of training requires much less time and effort on the part of
both the OCFA and the individual reserves.
• The cost of apparatus and equipment needed to fulfill this role is less than half
that needed to purchase and maintain a fully functional fire engine.
• Medical and fitness standards for support reserves are less than for fire combat
personnel expanding the potential recruitment pool.
• The services, vital to efficient emergency scene operations, can be performed by
support reserves freeing more highly trained personnel to conduct operations
within their scope of training.
• May help to reduce the sense of "competition" that exists between career staff
and reserves.
Though this service delivery option would reduce the number of firefighting capable
resources to the OCFA, the ability to return those that remain to service more quickly will
help offset that reduction.
This option would substantially reduce the workload on reserve personnel. Structure
fires would represent the primary need for a support service reserve response. The
OCFA would need to monitor the number of opportunities to respond to ensure that
reserves have enough activity to feel good about their contribution to the system.
An option within this configuration would be to use the support service reserve company
as a basic fife support trained emergency medical responder as a backup to career
units. This would provide additional opportunities for reserve response and participation
in delivering emergency services as well as provide additional "depth" for this most
frequent use of OCFA services. It would, though, increase the requirements for initial
and ongoing training.
Si ESECG Emergenc ySevicaEducatian&ComultixgGroup
_ 61
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Considerations when making the "service to be Provided" choice
Management is charged with the responsibility to always act in the best interest of the
customer, in this case the communities served by the OCFA. Normally, the key
consideration in any decision is efficiency and effectiveness. As management
recommends the most appropriate role for reserves it must balance effective
performance in the delivery of services with cost and operational efficiency.
There are times, though, when other external factors play a significant part in decision
making. In the book Recruiting Training and Maintaining Volunteer Firefighters the
authors write; "We would be remiss while addressing the need for volunteer firefighters if
we did not discuss external factors which might significantly influence the decisions one
must make as they relate to fire protection within a community. Community opinions in
determining the utilization of paid, volunteer, or a combination of paid and volunteer
firefighters are of utmost importance. Politics are a reality within the fire service and
must be considered in determining what type of delivery system to utilize. It is the
opinion of the authors of this book that a combination paid/volunteer fire department is
the most cost effective way to provide fire protection in a small to medium sized
community. However, public opinion in your own community will most likely determine
the final decision within the jurisdiction. Any major change in utilizing personnel to
provide fire protection should be carefully thought out and communicated to all
individuals involved. A participative approach to planning, organizing and implementing
any major changes in a fire department as they relate to staffing is a MUST.!"
As the OCFA considers a change in the utilization of reserve personnel, the attitudes of
the individual communities should be considered. There may be areas within the OCFA
service area in which the community places very high value on its reserve firefighters. It
may be a reasonable political decision to leave select reserve units as fully capable
engine companies rather than support service units, even if effectiveness and efficiency
improvements can be gained by the change. If such is the case, it must carry the
community's commitment to continue its support of the reserve company. Support most
particularly through its willingness to participate as reserve firefighters, and if necessary,
the financial support to retain the higher level of service.
6 Recruiting Training and Maintaining Volunteer Fireflahters, Third Edition, Jack W. Snook,
Jeffrey D. Johnson, Dan C. Olsen; pgs 13 -14
* ESECG EmergenrySeroices Education & Consulting Group
62
PF Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Other Issues of Concern
During the research and interviews a number of other issues arose that should be
addressed in order to make the reserve program successful. Solutions will be based on
which option is selected for the future utilization of reserve resources.
Station cover assignments
Reserve units are often "moved up" to cover another station whose career unit is
committed to an emergency. The risks and service demands within that covered
station's area can exceed the training and capability of reserve personnel assigned to
cover the station. In addition, reserves may be unfamiliar with the street system within
the covered area leading to delayed response.
It may be more appropriate to leave the reserve unit in its home area and move career
units to cover vacated stations. Career personnel are more likely to be trained on a
broader base of risks.
Specialty units
There are two types of units typically staffed by reserves that may be more appropriately
staffed by others. Water tenders and air units are dispatched as needed and typically
spend many hours assigned to incidents.
For long duration incidents (i.e. greater than one to two hours) it may not be reasonable
to use reserves to staff them. The OCFA may wish to explore other options including
call -back career staff.
Availability of qualified personnel
There were a number of opportunities found that would benefit the OCFA by making
reserves more quickly and readily available. Each is discussed below.
Position specific qualifications
Many of the times a reserve unit did not respond when called were a result of not having
personnel with pre- requisite qualifications available at the time of the call. Current policy
requires that, at a minimum, a qualified officer, a qualified driver and a qualified
firefighter must be available in order to initiate response of an engine. As the number of
SESECGEmergency SeroiM Educatan& Cowulting Group
63
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
reserves has decreased over the past several years the ability to field the required
number of qualified responders has decreased.
If the reserve program is to be viable this loss of personnel and talent must be reversed.
The OCFA will need to institute recruitment and training of new reserve firefighter, and
training for apparatus operators and company officers, and do so in the short term.
Recruitment area
Given that a redefined purpose for the reserve program makes rapid response less an
issue, expanding the recruitment area around each station would be beneficial.
Currently a reserve must live within five minutes of a fire station. Expanding this area to
up to ten minutes increases the number of potential reserves for the organization. -
Recruit training
The current reserve entry level training program requires that a recruit attend 14
consecutive weekends of training to be qualified to respond. It is without question that a
substantial amount of training is needed for an individual to be safe and effective at an
emergency. However, this schedule is burdensome on an individual's personal life.
ESECG will be developing a revised recruit training program as a future phase of this
project. Developing a schedule of training that is not burdensome will be a key
~ corrsideration. In addition, ESECG will be carefully reviewing the entry level training
program to ensure that it meets standards and requirements in the shortest possible
delivery time.
People with prior training and experience
On .occasion people who have prior training and experience in other fire departments
apply to be reserves with the OCFA. These may be people with background in other
agencies, or people who were formerly reserves with OCFA but have chosen to return.
At present everyone in this situation must complete the full reserve training academy,
except those who had service with OCFA within the past year.
An applicant who already has Firefighter I certification should have the requisite skills
needed to be a reserve firefighter. The OCFA should not be expected to accept
certification from another agency at face value but could verify that the needed skills are
$ESECG Emergency Service Education& Consu/ring Group
64
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
possessed by the individual through a skills evaluation process. If the individual well
demonstrates Firefighter I skills then all that remains is training in OCFA procedures,
equipment and practices. This would take a much shorter time, placing the recruit in a
response capable position much sooner.
Apparatus types
The reserves staff a variety of response units including Type 1 engines, Type 2 engines,
patrols, a squad and others.
Type 1 engines are the most capable units,
able to carry a good supply of equipment and
deliver large volumes of water on fires.
Type 2 engines are smaller, carry less
equipment and have smaller pumps, though are
still of a size to be effective on smaller structure
fires.
Patrols are designed primarily for wildland
firefighting. They carry a small amount of
water, are eghipped with a small pump and a
modest supply of equipment. The OCFA has
a modified patrol, called a Squad, that is also
equipped with self contained breathing
equipment and an automatic defibrillator.
Patrols and squads are not useful for any
firefighting other than wildland and trash fires.
However they do have utility for non -fire
responses.
Patrol /Squad
Discussed as an option for certain reserve units is a vehicle, Support Squad, designed to
provide emergency incident support. Though not designed to deliver water on a fire it
does carry a variety of equipment for other critical fire and emergency service tasks.
ESECGEmergency Services Education& Consulting Group
65
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
There are two key considerations to the selection of response vehicles for the reserve
program. First, vehicles should be capable of meeting the emergency incident needs of
the service area served. This is measured by the risks in the area, the nature of
responses covered by reserves and the availability and proximity of other response
units. In most cases this will be a Type 1 engine.
Second, sufficient qualified personnel must be available to operate the unit. In areas
with predictably low reserve personnel availability a patrol or squad may be more
appropriate since it does not require the same level of staffing and qualification of
personnel that Type 1 engines do.
Ensuring flexibility will be important. What is most important is being able to deliver
effective resources to an emergency when needed. However this must be balanced
against the need for predictability so that command personnel have areasonable
expectation for the type and quantity of resources that will be available to them to
manage an emergency.
The apparatus type recommendations in subsequent sections attempt to balance
flexibility with predictability.
Performance reaortina
Much has been made of reserve resource performance over the past years. Certainly
the numbers raise concerns that should be addressed. However, looking solely at the
numbers available does not present full information upon which to make critical
decisions. Wisely, OCFA management recognized this which is largely what drove
creation of this report.
Response reliability has been the central issue. While it is true that reliability has been a
problem, there are a number of factors that play into the reliability statistics that have
been generated. Individual station records present a somewhat different picture. For
example:
If a reserve unit has not initiated a response prior to being cancelled by another
unit it is reported as a "no response ", even if sufficient personnel were available.
$IESECG Emergency Services Education& Consulting Crroup
66
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
• Many of the times a reserve unit was unable to respond was due to the
unavailability of the minimum complement of qualified personnel (1 officer, 1
apparatus operator and 1 firefighter).
• When a patrol or tender are needed all are dispatched with the call being given to
the first unit to respond. The balance of the request ends up being counted as a
"no response ".
• Some errors were found in the data. The extent to which this may skew the
results is not known.
If performance data is to be relied upon to make critical decisions it must be fairly and
accurately reported. It is not enough to say that response didn't occur. The reason must
be recorded as well. This will require changes in the data collection system to ensure
that the reason for a "no response" is accurately reported. In today's computer age this
should not be a great challenge.
Reserve oroaram support
The reserves represent a significant resource to the OCFA. There are numerous
program support needs that are currently unmet by the existing management
infrastructure. These particularly include delivery of ongoing training, advocacy at the
management level and supporting recruitment and retention initiatives.
Many organizations that utilize volunteers have personnel assigned specifically to
support their needs and efforts. ESECG identified the need for a similar position in its
evaluation of the OCFA last year. The concept was frequently mentioned during
interviews with senior reserve officers.
Ongoing training is an essential program support function. Ongoing training must
provided to reserves on their schedule of availability (often evenings and weekends),
and is best provided at the respective reserve stations, rather than in a central facility.
As this program begins the rebuilding process such a position will have significant value
and should be made available in the short term.
I$ ESECG Emergency Seroices Education & Comu ixg Group
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
General Recommendations
The following recommendations are for overall refinement of the OCFA reserve program.
Specific recommendations for each station and reserve company are found in
subsequent sections.
Definition of Purpose
The OCFA should clearly define the purpose of the reserve program. ESECG suggests
the following:
The purpose of the reserve program is to supplement other response resources to
ensure that adequate resources are available to effectively staff and equip emergency
events occurring within the service area. Except for select situations this does not
anticipate that reserve resources will contribute to "first-due" response performance but
that they will contribute to overall emergency incident effectiveness by providing:
. additional resources on major emergencies.
• coverage of stations during periods of significant career unit utilization.
• emergency service and support through the staffing and operation of incident
support resources.
Adoption of this statement of purpose will help focus the reserve program. Selecting
either the support service role, or the fully capable role as the major operating principle
completes the definition process.
There are several general recommendations with respect to operating practices of the
reserve program that would apply regardless of the service role selection.
1. 'Standalone" stations continue to be the "first -due unit for responses within the
defined service area of their station.
2. Discontinue the practice of calling in a reserve company to "cover' for the co-
located career company each time the career company responds to an
emergency. Exceptions can be made if it is known that the career unit will be
committed for a long duration (i.e. greater than 1 hour).
3. Discontinue moving reserve units to stations away from their home area unless
absolutely necessary.
Sl E SECG Emergency Services Education & Consulting Group
68
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
4. Establish and achieve reserve unit staffing based on type of unit:
a. Type 1 and 2 engines — 15 -20 reserves.
b. Patrols, squads and support squads —10 -15 reserves.
5. Discontinue using reserves to staff water tenders and air units, except for
incidents of short duration.
6. Initiate active recruitment and training of new reserve personnel, and training for
apparatus operators and officers.
7. Review the current proximity of residence to station requirement. Consider
increasing the time standard to expand the potential pool of applicants.
8. Revise the schedule of delivery for recruit training.
9. Create an expedited process to place applicants with prior training and
experience in a response ready position.
10._ Capture additional data to more accurately report reserve program performance.
Specifically, capture data that describes the reason for a "no response" by a
reserve unit.
11. Establish a dedicated, management level, position to provide advocacy and
support for the reserve program.
Station specific recommendations — Fully trained service role
If the OCFA chooses to retain the current utilization of reserve personnel as fully trained
for fire and emergency medical incidents, the following recommendations should be
considered.
Station 1
Station 1 is difficult to justify given its geographic location. Its use is primarily limited to
move up and cover assignments. There are a number of other reserve units in a
reasonable proximity, including Stations 21 and 23. Once the new headquarters
complex is built, the station will be unavailable since the existing complex will be sold. It
is recommended that this reserve company be disbanded. Existing reserves should be
re- assigned to the nearest adjacent stations so they may continue their good work in a
station that makes a greater contribution to the system.
ESEMEnongency s ¢mica Education& Cowulting Group
69
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
9tion 3
ie to its remoteness from adjacent OCFA stations a continued reserve presence is
:ommended. This, even though Huntington Beach has a nearby station.
ation 11
change is recommended for this station. It fulfills a need and, given proper support,
II continue to provide valuable service. An innovative solution has been developed to
off this station giving it good reliability.
ation 12
aintaining this station is difficult to justify. Station 13, only one mile north of Station 12
so has a reserve company. Thus both are competing for personnel from the same
,.col of potential applicants. Maintaining the building and equipment has a cost that
could be avoided if the reserve forces of Station 12 and Station 13 are combined. Doing
so also should improve reliability as well as facilitate ongoing support of the program.
It is recommended that Station 12 be closed and its personnel be combined with those
at Station 13.
Station 14
This is an important station from a coverage standpoint. It should remain in place.
Station 16
Station 16 should remain as is. Its location provides important coverage.
Station 25
As mentioned, this station has a significant workload, as much if not greater than
adjacent career stations. This leads to the question of whether an additional career
response company is needed in the area. Intuitively, there does appear to be that need.
Even with an additional career company there remains a need for this station, though
supporting the cost of a separate facility is difficult to justify. It is recommended that the
Station 25 resources be moved to an adjacent career station and that the reserves
operate an engine and the patrol.
I ESECG Emeromey Servica Education & Consulting Group
70
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 2 is in a good location to provide the kind of depth support the refined purpose of
the reserve program describes. As such it should remain in place. Attempting to staff
three pieces of equipment does dilute the force to some degree. Removing the hose
tender vehicle and focusing the reserves efforts on the engine and air unit should be
considered.
Station 7
Station 7 is well positioned to serve the south county area. Its proximity to wildland
areas is useful. Thus it is recommended that Station 7 remain in place.
Station 10
This station provides depth of service for the north county area. However, its attempt to
operate three response units is a challenge. Either the water tender, or the patrol should
be moved to adjacent Station 32 to increase its utilization.
Station 13
Station 13 is well located to provide depth of service to the western county area. As
discussed previously this station should become more effective when merged with the
resources from Station 12. It is recommended that this reserve company remain in
place.
Station 18
Station 18 reserves provide an important resource in this area and should remain in
operation. Distances between it and other stations are fairly long throughout this region
of the county. Thus having the personnel and response capability in place has value.
Station 19
Station 19 should remain as is. Modifications in response practices, such as
discontinuing automatic response when the career unit is dispatched will reduce
workload at this station to a more manageable level.
SlESECG Emergency Services Education& Consulting Group
71
Orange County Fire Authority - Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 21
This station is in a strategically good location for a reserve company. However, the
challenge will be recruiting and maintaining a reliable response force. There should be
an attempt to make this a viable reserve company, but K success is not seen over the
next two years it should be considered for closure. There are three other reserve
companies in this central region of the county that are also well situated to provide
emergency response support in keeping with the newly defined purpose.
Station 23
Station 23 is well located to support not only the central county area but north county as
well. It should remain in place, as is.
Station 24
While this station is in a good location to provide depth support to the east central region
of the county, difficulty in recruiting a reliable response force may be an insurmountable
challenge. If a committed group of reserves cannot be developed, then this reserve
company should be disbanded.
Station 26
Station 26 is in a good location. As such, and given the ability to recruit sufficient
numbers of active reserves should be continued as is.
Station 29 and Station 30
Station 29 and Station 30 are located in close proximity to each other (3 miles travel
distance). To a large degree they are competing with each other for reserve personnel.
Given the presence of Station Ts reserve company there seem to be little need for both
Station 29 and Station 30. One of these reserve companies should be disbanded and
current personnel transferred to either Station 7 or the surviving station. No
recommendation is offered as to whether Station 29 or Station 30 should remain. Either
one would provide good service from its location. OCFA management, with advice from
the reserves at these two stations should make the choice that provides the best
opportunity for success.
MESECG EmergencySmica Education &ComultingGrrrOUP
-_ 72
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 32, along with its counterpart Station 10, provide valuable support to the north
county area. As was mentioned earlier, Station 32 should receive either the patrol or
water tender from Station 10 to better balance workload between the two. It is
recommended that Station 32 remain.
Station 40
This reserve company has a share of challenges including low call volumes and long
turnout times. Recruitment is a challenge. It is recommended that this reserve company
be disbanded. There is insufficient call volume to warrant the cost of maintaining a
reserve company at this station. Personnel currently assigned could be transferred to
either Station 18 or 24.
Station 44
Reserves at this station fill a need in providing depth of coverage to the OCFA,
particularly in the southern west county area. It has a strong recruitment potential and
has seen stability in its ranks.
There is a need for a truck company in this area due to the distance to other OCFA truck
companies. There may be better ways to staff the existing Truck 44. If the reserves are
to continue to staff and operate a ladder truck they must receive formal and
comprehensive training on its operation and tactical application. With that caveat, this
reserve company should remain as is.
I$I ESECG Emergency Smim Education & CansuldngGroup_ . _ ,
__ 73
OF Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station Sill e cific recommendations —Incident su ort role
gram, the following station specific
If the OCFA adopts a new role for the reserve pro
recommendations should be considered. The chart below describes the changes. This
configuration retains the more remote stand -alone stations as fully capable response
units and converts most of the remaining engines to support squads.
Station 1
Station 1 is difficult to justify given its geographic location. Its use is primarily limited to
move up and cover assignments. There are a number of other reserve units in a
reasonable proximity, including Stations 21 and the Once the new
will begsold. It
complex is built, the station will be unavailable since the existing complex
is recommended that this reserve company be disbanded. Existing reserves should be
re- assigned to the nearest adjacent stations so they may continue their good work in a
station that makes a greater contribution to the system-
Emergency ESECG Emergency Services Education & Consulting Groupv 74
PF Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 2
Station 2 is in a good location to provide the kind of depth support the refined purpose of
the reserve program describes. As such it should remain in place. Under this option,
this station should be reconfigured as a support squad.
Station 3
Due to its remoteness from adjacent OCFA stations a continued reserve presence is
recommended. This, even though Huntington Beach has a nearby station. Because of
its remoteness from other OCFA stations it should retain full service capability and its
existing apparatus.
Station 7
Station 7 is well positioned to serve the south county area. Under this option, this station
should be reconfigured as a support squad.
Station 10
This station provides depth of service for the north county area. Under this option, this
station should be reconfigured as a support squad with a water lender.
Station 11
No change is- recommended for this station. It fulfills a need and, given proper support,
will continue to provide valuable service. An innovative solution has been developed to
staff this station giving it good reliability.
Station 12
Maintaining this station is difficult to justify. Station 13, only one mile north of Station 12
also has a reserve company. Thus both are competing for personnel from the same
pool of potential applicants. Maintaining the building and equipment has a cost that
could be avoided if the reserve forces of Station 12 and Station 13 are combined. Doing
so also should improve reliability as well as facilitate ongoing support of the program.
It is recommended that Station 12 be closed and its personnel be combined with those
at Station 13.
ESECG Emergency Services Educahbn & Consulting Group
75
orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 13
Station 13 is well located to provide service to the western county area. As discussed
previously this station should become more effective when merged with the resources
from Station 12. Under this option, this station should be reconfigured as a support
squad.
Station 14
This is an important station from a coverage standpoint. It should remain in place.
Station 16
Station 16 should remain as is. Its location provides important coverage.
Station 18
Station 18 reserves provide an important resource in this area and should remain in
operation. Under this option, this station should be reconfigured as a support squad.
Station 19
Station 19 is also well positioned to support responses within its region. Under this
option, this station should be reconfigured as a support squad.
Station 21
This station is in a strategically good location for a reserve company. However, the
challenge will be recruiting and maintaining a reliable response force. There should be
an attempt to make this a viable reserve company, but if success is not seen over the
next two years it should be considered for closure. There are three other reserve
companies in this central region of the county that are also well situated to provide
emergency response support in keeping with the newly defined purpose. Under this
option, this station should be reconfigured as a support squad.
Station 23
Station 23 is well located to support not only the central county area but north county as
well. Under this option, this station should be reconfigured as a support squad, and add
a water tender.
ESECGEmergency Services Education & consulting Croup 76
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 24
While this station is in a good location to provide depth support to the east central region
of the county, difficulty in recruiting a reliable response force may be an insurmountable
challenge. If a committed group of reserves cannot be developed, then this reserve
company should be disbanded. Under this option, this station should be reconfigured as
a support squad.
Station 25
As mentioned, this station has a significant workload, as much if not greater than
adjacent career stations. This leads to the question of whether an additional career
response company is needed in the area. Intuitively, there does appear to be that need.
Even with an additional career company there remains a need for the reserve company,
though supporting the cost of a separate facility is difficult to justify. It is recommended
that the Station 25 resources be moved to an adjacent career station and that, under this
option, this station should be reconfigured as a support squad.
Station 26
Station 26 is in a good location. As such, and given the ability to recruit sufficient
numbers of active reserves should be continued. Under this option, this station should
be reconfigured as a support squad.
Station 29
Under this option, this station should be reconfigured as a support squad. The ability to
recruit and retain personnel should be monitored closely. (see Station 30 discussion)
Station 30 -
Under this option, this station should be reconfigured as a support squad. The ability to
recruit and retain personnel should be monitored closely. If difficulty continues, consider
consolidating Stations 29 and 30 into a single company.
Station 32
Under this option, this station should be reconfigured as a support squad.
SIESEMEmergency Service; Education & Consulting Group
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Station 40
This reserve company has a share of challenges including low call volumes and long
turnout times. Recruitment squad and the ability to recruit and retain personnel monitored
reconfigured as a support q
closely.
Station 44
Reserves at this station fill a need in providing depth of coverage to the OCFA,
particularly in the southern west county area. It has a strong recruitment potential and
has seen stability in its ranks. Under this option, this station should be reconfigured as a
support squad.
IESECG E'no'gency Smica Eduwhon &Cox lting Group, 78
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
Additional Option — Consider Implementation of an Auxiliary Firefighter
Program
A program in common use throughout the greater Los Angeles area is the "auxiliary' or
"apprentice" firefighter. These programs provide opportunities for career motivated
people to gain valuable training and experience in preparation for obtaining a career
firefighter position.
Typically, auxiliary firefighter programs bring people who have already been trained to
minimum standards into the fire department. Training is available through a variety of
sources, most commonly through community college programs.
Auxiliary firefighters work shifts in fire stations, respond to emergencies along with the
career personnel at that station, and perform incident activities within the scope and
level of their training. In addition auxiliary firefighters perform various station duties,
- public education programs, and participate in daily training with career personnel.
Auxiliary firefighters are typically not used as a replacement for career personnel. For
example, if a fire engine is normally staffed with three career firefighters the auxiliary
firefighter becomes the fourth person on the company. If a career firefighter is absent on
leave, the auxiliary firefighter is not used as the replacement.
There are many benefits to the fire department as well as to the individual auxiliary
firefighters. The fire department gains the extra help having the additional person on the
response company provides. In addition, the department has the opportunity to see the
person in an actual work environment prior to making hiring decisions for career
positions. A number of departments use the auxiliary firefighter program as a
recruitment and hiring path for career positions.
The auxiliary firefighter benefits from the opportunity to learn more about being a
firefighter. The training and experience gained from the real workplace environment is
invaluable. Also, auxiliary firefighters have the opportunity to see the job first hand,
helping them determine if being a career firefighter is really the right choice.
ISIESECG Emerge ncySenica Education & Consulting Group
79
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
In many programs auxiliary firefighters are paid by the shift, though not at the rate of a
career firefighter. In some cases this is in the form of tuition support for continued fire
science education, a meal stipend, or an hourly rate (typically at the minimum wage
rate).
Auxiliary firefighters are allowed to leave shift to attend classes in many programs. The
auxiliary firefighter is considered an augmentation of the response company, not a
regular part of it
The use of auxiliary firefighters can be considered an option to the reserve program, or
as an addition to the OCFA staffing program.
Final Consideration Discontinue the Reserve Program
No discussion of this sort would be complete without evaWating the option of
discontinuing the reserve program altogether. Though not a comfortable choice it is one
that bears consideration.
The OCFA invests substantial time, energy and resources into the reserve program, and
will do so to an even greater extent should it be continued in one manner or another.
This investment represents an opportunity cost. In other words, the resources
contributed to the reserve program could be used for different purposes. The question is
which use provides the greatest value to the community.
For example, the funds, time, and energy used to support the reserve program could be
used for such efforts as improved fire prevention programs, expanded public safety
education, additional paramedic assessment units, additional career companies, or
some combination of these or even other programs.
The cost of the reserve program has been widely debated through the course of this and
previous studies. As best can be calculated the cost of the reserve program is
approximately $3 million annually. So the question is can this $3 million be spent
differently to provide the community with a degree of safety better than they presently
receive?
�ESECG Emergency Services Education& Consulting Group
- 80
Orange County Fire Authority - Reserve Program Restructure Report
The answer is not easily determined. Defining the impact of not having 250 or more
additional personnel to help manage emergencies during peak periods of activity cannot
be accomplished with currently available data. Defining how much more quickly a
career unit is returned to service, available to respond to another emergency, because a
reserve unit was present on scene is not possible. However these are both real
contributions made by the reserve program.
If these determinations could be made it would be relatively easy to make choices. For
now professional judgment must be used. Senior leadership of the OCFA must make
value judgments based on their own knowledge and experience, and provide that advice
to the policy makers.
There is no question the reserve program makes a contribution to the community's
public safety. Whether that contribution matches its cost is a question that cannot be
answered at this point.
Across the United States, the use of reserves in large fire departments is the exception
rather than the rule. The chart below illustrates this.
Population Protected
All
Career
Mostly
Career
Mostly
Volunteer
All
Volunteer
Total
1 million or more
90.0%
10.0%
0.0%
0.00/0
100.0%
500,000 to 999,999
81.8
13.6
4.5
0.0
100.0
250,000 to 499,999
78.6.
10.7
10.7
0.0
100.0
100,000 to 249,999
76.7
19.8
1.1
2.3
100.0
50,000 to 99,999
69.7
17.0
8.5
4.8
100.0
25,000 to 49,999
36.0.
28.4
26.5
9.0
100.0
99
15.3
19.8
40.3
24.6
100.0
9
2.1
7.6
34.2
56.1
100.0
9
0.4
1.4
15.4
82.8
100.0
=4,999.
0.4
0.4
4.0
95.3
100.0
ts
5.7
5.4
15.6
73.6
100.0
source: rr vA survey or rrre uepaamenrs ror u.s. mre expenence, iaee
ESEMEmergency smtces Education& Consulting Group
81
Orange County Fire Authority — Reserve Program Restructure Report
The reasons for the small number include response volume, training demands, difficulty
in recruiting and retaining volunteers in a demographically diverse service area, and the
expectation of rapid response by citizens.
If the OCFA chooses to continue the reserve program it must do so in a way that
assures that it is the best use of resources. The modifications suggested, in either of the
two previous options, will substantially improve the program's value. If changes aren't
made it may well be in the best interest of the community to discontinue the program and
use the resources now supporting it differently.
ESECGEmergencY Sewices Education & consulting GrouP _ 82
\
\ \�
1! O
m
a
Q23c%
00=93
%
\CD
\
m
/ ?
/
0
7
=
w
=gym
2
/ƒ%
8
_
0
-
\
>
°
d \
cn
y
\
\
\ \�
SAVE OUR CURRENT FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
We, the undersigned, request that members of the Seal Beach City Council vote
unanimously to oppose the effects of restructuring our city's current fire protection
system.
Name — (Please [Print) 1- Address CI J+p 1 �/ (J%�
C.P0.l �0. cj1 l Y
Islarewnel �� a_!�n_�f."Qp ,
��3C ?�- a'/1Cff L�JY+16n�
OwaeR- of pK„rti to.StNwy
4 Sheri l\
lagmmnl �+( (
Qed.,�tyt'. 5tu0 er Au4wf. S!�
s /M
lagn�eu.)
6 IZo+v� G o/' Sc�L rs�N
(sign mum)
4 i
9v7 Ya
(g4nm )
9 ILI, �'ns A-Lder rso�
lakirtnnl �a K
SAVE OUR CURRENT FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
We, the undersigned, request that members of the Seal Beach City Council vote
unanimously to oppose the effects of restructuring our city's current fire protection
system.
Name (Please Print) Address
t • I� ,A Sma"l\ /39oa Q�delwoe� 80�
M&IIII Mil, ZIN, OR MW
.. o g "MA4
lzhel 6 �•* LLb
'7
oz.p Sz-b
4 .__.M)MA44 �PSC�� ✓l�Sll Ihun�c �lr �G�g
r.•s1��rx.�C�� _. _
AK
9 1 RoL �. ��' 0A/ /3 0 be-i A )Te��2 /ii/�
SAVE OUR CURRENT FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
We, the undersigned, request that members of the Seal Beach City Council vote
unanimously to oppose the effects of restructuring our city's current fire protection
system.
Name (Please Print) Address
s 0�-L L McD -wy) 7--r rao Dr
i-, M.,
r . i
tL/ s
e •
"WARP
0
SAVE OUR CURRENT FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
We, the undersigned, request that members of the Seal Beach City Council vote
unanimously to oppose the effects of restructuring our city's current fire protection
system.
Na (Please Print) Address
s 'a r) 10 4- � B,
(Sig-- .
2 Marl de�5- -T'Kq<YX- /-,�) 71 �,e��� 5.13
(9lpmmn)
80I Oejar l 3 5>6
W1'
i
' r
February 27, 2002
CITY COUNCIL MEETING OF FEBRUARY 25`", 2002 —
PRESENTATION — ORANGE COUNTY FIRE AUTHORITY -
PUBLIC COMMENTS IN BRIEF
* This City can not be computerized, this is not a text
book City as was said, this City does not fit into the
broad spectrum to wipe out this Fire Department... this
is a City locked in by bridges ... a great amount of the
land is liquefaction... there would be numerous fires in
the event of a large earthquake... if the bridges are
wiped out the fire equipment is not going to get to Old
Town or Leisure world, even into the City ... the Fire
Department is important to this small town
* The paid personnel are not at the Station all of the
time ... they leave the area for training for hours at a
time, leave the area on move -ups for other companies
that are at fires, to respond to other major fires, so
there is no coverage
* The volunteers are being asked to not be volunteer
firefighters rather to respond to EMS calls, it is a
self - fulfilling prophesy, there will be no volunteers
in two or three years, those are not good runs, EMS
runs do not make you feel good, within three years the
OCFD will say it can not fill the positions then the
City will get another engine, that will be another $1
million per year, a three man engine company can
respond to EMS calls but they do not put out fires
* There is another Station in the County that is going to
remain with a paid and a volunteer company with an
engine, why then is Seal Beach being singled out
* The proposed fire and rescue restructuring will affect
all of Seal Beach... response will take longer ... two
engines will be coming from out of town ... two engines
will be lost from Old Town, one would be the aerial
unit, the closest of such units would be from Cypress
or Westminster, loss of rescue equipment like the jaws
of life, this is a loss of local services that will
have to be provided from out of town, there will be
increased delay for response time because of the Bixby
development and the bridge congestion... there would be
limited use of the volunteers as compared to what it is
now, yet they are about half of the force and would now
serve only medical emergencies
* The volunteers are either local business owners,
students, college students, or trained and certified
firefighters and EMT•s, unlike other volunteer units in
Orange County the Seal Beach unit has ten to twenty -
five years of experience, and are generally available
most of the time, unlike the statistics presented
* This is a threat to the health and safety of Seal
Beach, the core of the City is geographically isolated
by bridges, the City will lose two of four engines that
serves the area, yet due to special circumstances and
locations Surfside, Silverado Canyon, Modjeska Canyon,
Villa Park and possibly another area will be retaining
their current level of engines and volunteers, due to
the geographic location alone Seal Beach must retain
its engines and volunteers that come from the Old Town
Station
* If the downtown volunteer truck is lost the next
closest is by the DMV at Westminster and Hoover, one
can not get rid of the volunteers from this town
* The changes are based on issues, politics, and
statistics that the OCFA is taking in a Countywide mode
and trying to apply it to a particular community, a
quote being of the consultant with regard to
recruiting, training, and maintaining volunteers,
politics are a reality within the fire service and must
be considered when determining what type of delivery
system is utilized, the opinion is that a combination
paid /volunteer fire department is the most cost
effective way to provide fire protection in a small to
medium size community
* This is a small, self- contained, small town community
with a system in place that has worked, has had a high
retention rate, recruiting has always been turning
people away even though it has been two years since
they have been allowed to recruit to replenish the
ranks ... the consultant noted that there may be areas
within the OCFA service area where the community places
a high value on its reserve firefighters and where it
may be a responsible political decision to leave
reserve units as fully capable engine companies rather
than support service units, that too applies to Seal
Beach
* With the aggressive move -up and cover policy, as of
September W1 the Navy engine is no longer allowed to
respond off the Base, that unit would not be available,
with regard to the automatic aid agreement with Long
Beach that applies primarily to the freeways, there has
never been a Long Beach engine response to Old Town
* With regard to EMS and EMT training, all volunteers are
trained to use the defibrillation units... with regard
to additional training it is agreed that the aerial
truck is a specialized piece of equipment, as is an
engine or an air utility unit, it involves training,
the volunteers have trained for the last twenty years
on the operation of an aerial truck, that without any
training from the OCFA
* With regard to the statistics relating to the
volunteers to be first on scene, their role is not to
be first but to support the full time career
firefighters, in the case of a structure fire the
regular firefighters go to the scene first, the
volunteers are the second due engine to supply
water ... the role of their truck company too is to
provide ventilation to make the inside air tenable to
make a fire attack ... the volunteer unit is first on
scene when the paid company is on a call, moved up, or
is in training
* Under the OCFA plan they will be taking eighteen pieces
of fire apparatus not including ancillary support
vehicles out of the system
* There does not seem to be any difference between Sunset
Beach and Seal Beach with regard to leaving a full time
volunteer staff and engine... with the proper support
and training by the OCFA, being allowed to recruit and
bring in new members, there is no reason that can be
seen as to why the Seal Beach volunteer unit should not
be a viable company for many years to come
* They also want to take an engine out of Los Alamitos,
Cypress, La Palma, and Midway City ... that too will have
an affect ... the move -ups can only be moved so far
* The training records are not totally accurate... there
has only been a handful of training classes during the
last three years
* Volunteers contribute to the community in many ways
* There are nine fully State certified firefighter I•s
from the roster of eighteen, four full -time
firefighters, some have been medics
* The statistics, the numbers, appear to be the everyday
general emergency responses, house fires, brush fires,
yet one does need to think about a big emergency, a
major catastrophe, with current resources they will
respond to the most important locations, high rise
structure fires, freeway accidents, if the bridges are
lost who will be here, what will be done in an
emergency situation, some type of system needs to be
kept
* The Seal Beach volunteer firefighters have been a major
part of the City of Seal Beach community spirit
* The volunteers check or start the tools every
week ... that so they will all work when needed, the
tools are being maintained, and for free
* Of concern is when the regular unit is out ... there is
no one to respond to a need or the next unit may come
from Westminster as the closest
* The City gave up its local control to save money, this
is the price that will be paid, the decision is no
longer with the City
* Concerns — what if 9/11 occurred at the Naval Weapons
Station, what if there is an earthquake.... need to keep
the local services and local control
* ** Motion — Keep the volunteer fire department in tact and
in place, and direct the Orange County Fire Authority
representative to vote likewise, also send a letter to
the Orange County Fire Authority indicating the strong
feelings of Seal Beach in that regard
* If the bridge goes down the City is a very isolated
area
* ** Response -- the OCFA is not looking to reduce the fire
service in the community, they are looking to
restructure the reserve component so that the
volunteers can play a safe and reliable role in the
community emergency delivery system, that is the EMS
component, they are not looking to change the fire
response that is currently provide, mainly with the
full time firefighters, that has been done for several
years, the importance of truck company service is
understood, however there is not a truck company in
every station, in reality, especially with a truck
company, it is an issue of safety, they can not provide
and sustain the additional level of training required
for the volunteers to safely operate that piece of
equipment for the small number of calls that they go
to, the coverage is being provided from other
resources, from other stations, and they will ensure,
guarantee and ensure, that there are adequate truck
companies in this community
February 26, 2002
Ms, Susan Ritschel, Chair
Orange County Fire Authority Board of Directors
606 E. Chapman Avenue
Orange, CA 92866
Dear Ms. Ritshchel,
At their meeting of February 25, 2002, the Seal Beach City Council took action vehemently
opposing the proposed changes in the Fire Reserve Program that will directly impact the City of
Seal Beach. Eliminating the reserve volunteers in Seal Beach is not an effective course of
action. Our volunteers are an extremely dedicated group of individuals of which many have
been with the program for more than ten years.
Fire Station 44 is in the heart of Seal Beach's Old Town area, a segment of land that is not
directly contiguous to other areas. Residential and business properties are very close to each
other, with very little setback. There is also a wooden pier structure at the beach that has
experienced three major fires over the last ten years. We believe that it is very necessary to
retain a backup fire engine at this station. We are also concerned with the recommendation to
eliminate engines in our adjacent cities. With a reduction of engines in the surrounding area
and the elimination of Station 44 reserve volunteers, mutual and backup responses could leave
our old town area vulnerable in a structure fire emergency where seconds do count.
Provided with this letter are excerpts from the February 25, 2002 Seal Beach City Council
meeting that documents the public comments made in opposition of the elimination of the Fire
Reserve Program in our community. In general, the comments include concerns over
1) emergency response during natural catastrophes, 2) adequate coverage with move -up policy,
3) training issues, 4) inaccurate information in study, and 5) reduction of service levels.
The Seal Beach City Council strongly urges the Orange County Fire Authority Board of
Directors to consider rejecting the recommendation to change the Fire Reserve Program and,
specifically, the City requests the Authority retain the existing volunteer program and equipment
at Fire Station 44 in Seal Beach.
0 Sincerely,
- �Iliam one
Mayor
cc: Chief Chip Prather, OCFA
February 27, 2002
CITY COUNCIL MEETING OF FEBRUARY 25th, 2002 —
PRESENTATION — ORANGE COUNTY FIRE AUTHORITY
PUBLIC COMMENTS IN BRIEF
* This City can not be computerized, this is not a text
book City as was said, this City does not fit into the
broad spectrum to wipe out this Fire Department... this
is a City locked in by bridges ... a great amount of the
land is liquefaction... there would be numerous fires in
the event of a large earthquake... if the bridges are
wiped out the fire equipment is not going to get to Old
Town or Leisure World, even into the City ... the Fire
Department is important to this small town
* The paid personnel are not at the Station all of the
time ... they leave the area for training for hours at a
time, leave the area on move -ups for other companies
that are at fires, to respond to other major fires, so
there is no coverage
* The volunteers are being asked to not be volunteer
firefighters rather to respond to EMS calls, it is a
self - fulfilling prophesy, there will be no volunteers
in two or three years, those are not good runs, EMS
runs do not make you feel good, within three years the
OCFD will say it can not fill the positions then the
City will get another engine, that will be another $1
million per year, a three man engine company can
respond to EMS calls but they do not put out fires
* There is another Station in the County that is going to
remain with a paid and a volunteer company with an
engine, why then is Seal Beach being singled out
* The proposed fire and rescue restructuring will affect
all of Seal Beach... response will take longer ... two
engines will be coming from out of town ... two engines
will be lost from Old Town, one would be the aerial
unit, the closest of such units would be from Cypress
or Westminster, loss of rescue equipment like the jaws
of life, this is a loss of local services that will
have to be provided from out of town, there will be
increased delay for response time because of the Bixby
development and the bridge congestion—there would be
limited use of the volunteers as compared to what it is
now, yet they are about half of the force and would now
serve only medical emergencies
* The volunteers are either local business owners,
students, college students, or trained and certified
firefighters and EMT's, unlike other volunteer units in
Orange County the Seal Beach unit has ten to twenty -
five years of experience, and are generally available
most of the time, unlike the statistics presented
* This is a threat to the health and safety of Seal
Beach, the core of the City is geographically isolated
by bridges, the City will lose two of four engines that
serves the area, yet due to special circumstances and
locations Surfside, Silverado Canyon, Modjeska Canyon,
Villa Park and possibly another area will be retaining
their current level of engines and volunteers, due to
the geographic location alone Seal Beach must retain
its engines and volunteers that come from the Old Town
Station
* if the downtown volunteer truck is lost the next
closest is by the DMV at Westminster and Hoover, one
can not get rid of the volunteers from this town
* The changes are based on issues, politics, and
statistics that the OCFA is taking in a Countywide mode
and trying to apply it to a particular community, a
quote being of the consultant with regard to
recruiting, training, and maintaining volunteers,
politics are a reality within the fire service and must
be considered when determining what type of delivery
system is utilized, the opinion is that a combination
paid /volunteer fire department is the most cost
effective way to provide fire protection in a small to
medium size community
* This is a small, self- contained, small town community
with a system in place that has worked, has had a high
retention rate, recruiting has always been turning
people away even though it has been two years since
they have been allowed to recruit to replenish the
ranks ... the consultant noted that there may be areas
within the OCFA service area where the community places
a high value on its reserve firefighters and where it
may be a responsible political decision to leave
reserve units as fully capable engine companies rather
than support service units, that too applies to Seal
Beach
* With the aggressive move -up and cover policy, as of
September 11`" the Navy engine is no longer allowed to
respond off the Base, that unit would not be available,
with regard to the automatic aid agreement with Long
Beach that applies primarily to the freeways, there has
never been a Long Beach engine response to Old Town
* With regard to EMS and EMT training, all volunteers are
trained to use the defibrillation units... with regard
to additional training it is agreed that the aerial
truck is a specialized piece of equipment, as is an
engine or an air utility unit, it involves training,
the volunteers have trained for the last twenty years
on the operation of an aerial truck, that without any
training from the OCFA
* With regard to the statistics relating to the
volunteers to be first on scene, their role is not to
be first but to support the full time career
firefighters, in the case of a structure fire the
regular firefighters go to the scene first, the
volunteers are the second due engine to supply
water—the role of their truck company too is to
provide ventilation to make the inside air tenable to
make a fire attack ... the volunteer unit is first on
scene when the paid company is on a call, moved up, or
is in training
* Under the OCFA plan they will be taking eighteen pieces
of fire apparatus not including ancillary support
vehicles out of the system
* There does not seem to be any difference between Sunset
Beach and Seal Beach with regard to leaving a full time
volunteer staff and engine... with the proper support
and training by the OCFA, being allowed to recruit and
bring in new members, there is no reason that can be
seen as to why the Seal Beach volunteer unit should not
be a viable company for many years to come
* They also want to take an engine out of Los Alamitos,
Cypress, La Palma, and Midway City ... that too will have
an affect ... the move -ups can only be moved so far
* The training records are not totally accurate... there
has only been a handful of training classes during the
last three years
* volunteers contribute to the community in many ways
* There are nine fully State certified firefighter I's
from the roster of eighteen, four full -time
firefighters, some have been medics
* The statistics, the numbers, appear to be the everyday
general emergency responses, house fires, brush fires,
yet one does need to think about a big emergency, a
major catastrophe, with current resources they will
respond to the most important locations, high rise
structure fires, freeway accidents, if the bridges are
lost who will be here, what will be done in an
emergency situation, some type of system needs to be
kept
* The Seal Beach volunteer firefighters have been a major
part of the City of Seal Beach community spirit
* The volunteers check or start the tools every
week ... that so they will all work when needed, the
tools are being maintained, and for free
. .
* Of concern is when the regular unit is out ... there is
no one to respond to a need or the next unit may come
from Westminster as the closest
* The City gave up its local control to save money, this
is the price that will be paid, the decision is no
longer with the City
* Concerns — what if 9/11 occurred at the Naval Weapons
Station, what if there is an earthquake.... need to keep
the local services and local control
* ** Motion — Keep the volunteer fire department in tact and
in place, and direct the Orange County Fire Authority
representative to vote likewise, also send a letter to
the Orange County Fire Authority indicating the strong
feelings of Seal Beach in that regard
* If the bridge goes down the City is a very isolated
area
* ** Response -- the OCFA is not looking to reduce the fire
service in the community, they are looking to
restructure the reserve component so that the
volunteers can play a safe and reliable role in the
community emergency delivery system, that is the EMS
component, they are not looking to change the fire
response that is currently provide, mainly with the
full time firefighters, that has been done for several
years, the importance of truck company service is
understood, however there is not a truck company in
every station, in reality, especially with a truck
company, it is an issue of safety, they can not provide
and sustain the additional level of training required
for the volunteers to safely operate that piece of
equipment for the small number of calls that they go
to, the coverage is being provided from other
resources, from other stations, and they will ensure,
guarantee and ensure, that there are adequate truck
companies in this community