HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem HAGENDA REPORT
DATE:
August 27, 2001
TO:
Honorable Mayor and City Council
THRU:
John B. Bahorski, City Manager
FROM:
Lee Whittenberg, Director of Development Services
SUBJECT: Approval of Response Letter re: Findings and
Recommendations — "Affordable Housing, Light One
Candle', 2000 -2001 Orange County Grand Jury Report
SUMMARY OF REOUEST:
Authorize Mayor to sign response letter. Instruct staff to forward to the Judge C. Robert
Jameson, the Orange County Grand Jury, and the Planning Commission.
BACKGROUND:
On June 14, 2001 the Orange County Grand Jury issued a report titled "Affordable
Housing, Light One Candle'. Pursuant Penal Code § 933 and 933.05, a copy of the
report has been provided to the City for responses, which are due by September 14, 2001.
The responses have been prepared by staff to respond to the identified "findings" and
"recommendations" of the Grand Jury in the manner required by the Penal Code.
Staff has prepared a response letter with an attachment that directly responds to each
"finding" and "recommendation" of the Grand Jury. A copy of the proposed response
document is provided as Attachment 1. A copy of the Grand Jury Report and transmittal
letter is provided as Attachment 2.
FISCAL IMPACT:
None; no direct actions are required by the City in response to the Grand Jury Report
RECOMMENDATION:
Authorize Mayor to sign response letter. Instruct staff to forward to the Judge C. Robert
Jameson, the Orange County Grand Jury, and the Planning Commission.
Agenda Item
C:W,n .mmw City Cauzil Gard Jury K.,o .n Anbnfabi a fi..ms.CC.do \LWM -14 -01
Wluttenberg
Director of Development Servi es
Attachments: (2)
Ciry Council StafReport
Response to 2000 -2001 Orange County Grand Jury Report
"Affordable Housing Light One Candle'
August 27, 2001
Attachment 1: Draft City of Seal Beach Response Letter re: "Affordable
Housing, Light One Candle", 2000 -2001 Orange County
Grand Jury Report
Attachment 2: "Affordable Housing, Light One Candle ", 2000 -2001
Orange County Grand Jury Report, June 14, 2001
0C Gmnd Jury Report oa Affordable Housing CC
City Council Staff Report
Response to 2000 -2001 Orange County Grand Jury Report
"Affordable Housing, Light One Candle'
August 27, 2001
ATTACHMENT 1
DRAFT CITY OF SEAL BEACH RESPONSE
LETTER RE: "AFFORDABLE HOUSING,
LIGHT ONE CANDLE ", 2000 -2001 ORANGE
COUNTY GRAND JURY REPORT
GC Grand lury Report on Affordable Ho in &CC
August 27, 2001
The Honorable C. Robert Jameson
Presiding Judge, Orange County Superior Court
700 Civic Center Drive West
Santa Ana, CA 92701
SUBJECT: RESPONSE TO FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
ASSOCIATED WITH THE ORANGE COUNTY GRAND
JURY REPORT ON AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Dear Judge Jameson:
This correspondence is forwarded in response to the request by the Orange County Grand
Jury to respond to the findings and recommendations outlined in their report addressing
affordable housing concerns. Attached please find the City of Seal Beach' responses to
the seven findings and six recommendations posed in the report. As noted in the
responses, the City is in general agreement with the report's findings and
recommendations and has outlined the steps taken toward implementation of the
recommendations.
The City Council considered and reviewed the 2000 -2001 Orange County Grand Jury
Report "Affordable Housing, Light One Candle ", a staff report, and a response letter at
its regular meeting on August 27, 2001. The City Council approved this response letter
and has authorized this letter and attached response to the findings and recommendations
of the Grand Jury.
Thank you for allowing the City of Seal Beach the opportunity to respond to the issues
examined in the Grand Jury report on affordable housing within the County. If you have
any questions regarding the attached responses, please contact Mr. Lee Whittenberg,
Director of Development Services, by telephone at (562) 431 -2527 or by e-mail at
lwittenberg @ci.seal- beach.ca.us.
C:Wy Documents \City CoumMmnd Jury Rcspoase Letwr.AffoMkie Hewing.dmc WM8 -27 -01
City of Seal Beach Response Letter re:
2000 -2001 Orange County Grand Jury Report
"Affordable Housing, Light One Candle'
August 27, 2001
Sincerely,
WJ iam J. ane
Mayor, City of Seal Beach
Attachment: City of Seal Beach Responses to Grand Jury Report
Findings and Recommendations
cc: Orange County Grand Jury
Grand Jury Response Le[ueGAPfordable Housing
City of Seal Beach Response Letter re:
2000 -2001 Orange County Grand Jury Report
"Affordable Housing, Light One Candle'
August 27, 2001
CITY OF SEAL BEACH RESPONSES TO
REPORT FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
ORANGE COUNTY GRAND JURY REPORT ON
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
GRAND JURY FINDINGS/RECOMMENDATIONS:
❑ Finding 1: Government financial assistance and innovative financial
packages are essential for the production of very -low income housing for
residents of Orange County.
❑ Recommendation 5: The County and cities should make a concentrated
effort to create innovative financial packages with private, non -profit and public
sectors to produce additional affordable housing for the working poor, large
families, elderly and disabled.
Response of City of Seal Beach:
The City of Seal Beach agrees with the finding and recommendation. Based on
the current costs of development and market rate rents, substantial public subsidy
is required to make development of housing affordable to low and very-low
income residents economically viable.
The City of Seal Beach is in the process of evaluating various programs to utilize
the Redevelopment Agency "housing set - aside" funds to encourage the retention
of existing very-low, low -, and moderate - income housing units within the
community. Programs to subsidize rents for existing units or to obtain
"affordability covenants" are being considered by the City currently. The land
costs within Seal Beach generally preclude the provision of new construction,
very-low and low- income housing development. Other possible sources of
funding include combining available funds with programs from agencies such as
the California Housing Finance Agency (CHFA), Housing Opportunities for
Persons with AIDS (HOPWA) and Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC),
and the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) to further leverage
available funds to promote affordable housing. We will continue to pursue all
these sources as opportunities to develop affordable housing arise.
❑ Finding 2: The County does not have a consolidated document or map to
illustrate available land for affordable housing units. The County and individual
cities create their own separate documents depicting land available to meet
affordable housing needs.
Greed Jury Response Ulter.AffoNabie Housing
City of Seal Beach Response Letter re:
2000 -2001 Orange County Grand Jury Report
"Affordable Housing, Light One Candle'
August 27, 2001
❑ Recommendation 1: The Orange County Housing and Community
Development Department (HCD) and the Orange County Planning and
Developmental Services Department should take the lead with cities in the
County to create a consolidated Geographic Information System (GIS) map or
other instrument designating available land for affordable housing units. This
map should be made available to public and private entities.
Response of City of Seal Beach
The City of Seal Beach agrees with the finding and recommendation. As noted in
Finding 2, each city and the County identify sites for affordable housing in their
respective General Plan housing elements; this is a requirement of State law. The
mapping system capabilities such as GIS vary from city to city; some cities do not
have this capability at all. While it may be possible for the County to consolidate
the site information in the various housing elements into one map, funding for
such a project would have to be identified and a method developed for keeping
the information up to date. Although a consolidated map could identify vacant
land available for the construction of new affordable housing units; it would not
be able to identify sites where existing market rate units can be converted to
affordable units through rent subsidies, mortgage write- downs, etc., or where a
complete redevelopment or change of use could occur, e.g., from commercial to
affordable housing.
The City of Seal Beach would support a GIS effort to the extent possible; at this
time the City is still developing its GIS system and the information that would
necessary for this type of mapping effort is not currently available on our system.
❑ Finding 3: The City — County Housing Roundtable brings together local
government housing experts to discuss mutual programs and plans from a
regional perspective.
❑ Recommendation 2: A regional approach to provide affordable housing in
the County should be continued.
Response of City of Seal Beach
We concur that affordable housing is a regional issue, and that it is beneficial to
use a regional approach to provide affordable housing in the County.
We also believe that there is potential for an even stronger regional approach, if
new State legislation and policies were adopted. For example, State housing
element law now requires each city and county to plan for providing its regional
"fair share" of housing need within its own jurisdiction. High land costs and the
lack of available sites of a size sufficient to provide an appropriately sized
multiple family residential development that could provide very-low or low -
income new construction units are major constraints within Seal Beach.
Legislation that allows cities to count units they have assisted, even if outside
Greed Jury Response UMIAMMWb Housing
City of Seal Beach Response Letter re:
2000 -2001 Orange County Grand Jury Report
"Affordable Housing, Light One Candle'
August 27, 2001
their boundaries, would facilitate sharing resources within the region. Perhaps a
regional approach of providing affordable housing opportunities based upon the
cheapest land prices and access to jobs and public transportation, rather than
requiring that individual cities provide affordable units, regardless of the
economic obstacles, might make more sense than the current system. The League
of California Cities, of which the City of Seal Beach is a member, is currently
working with legislators to reform the housing element process.
Likewise, Community Redevelopment Law could be changed to make it more
feasible to transfer housing set aside funds from one jurisdiction to another. In
this way, a jurisdiction with an abundance of housing set aside funds, but one with
a shortage of available sites for affordable housing, could fund affordable housing
in a jurisdiction with an abundance of appropriate sites but insufficient housing
funds.
❑ Finding 4: Production of affordable housing is most successful when the
County and cities cooperate with all stakeholders to provide land, zoning and
financing.
❑ Recommendation 3: Orange County HCD should continue to bring
stakeholders (business, labor, local elected officials, government staff, lenders,
housing developers, and non -profit service providers) together to accomplish the
task to produce more affordable housing units in the County.
Response of City of Seal Beach
The City of Seal Beach concurs with this finding and recommendation. As
indicated in response to finding #1, the current economic environment for the
development of affordable housing requires the utilization of innovative financial
and public entitlement processing solutions to ensure successful project
implementation.
The Redevelopment Agency of the City of Seat Beach has recently provided
approximately $2,000,000.00 in long- and short-term financing to assist a non-
profit housing corporation in the acquisition of a 125 -space trailer park within the
community. In addition to the direct financial assistance, the City helped in
obtaining a State of California "Mobilehome Park Resident Ownership Program"
(MPROP) loan from the State of California and bond financing to complete the
necessary transactions to accomplish this innovative project. The goal of the
acquisition was to preserve an existing pool of very-low, low -, and moderate -
income housing units within the community that were being threatened for
conversion and/or demolition.
Unfortunately, current housing element law does not allow full acknowledgement
of these efforts. Retention projects do not count towards satisfaction of a city's
regional housing needs unless they add to the overall housing stock. This is
Greed Jury Response Lttw.Affoolat us Housing
City of Seal Beach Response Letter re:
2000 -2001 Orange County Grand Jury Report
"Affordable Housing, Light One Candle'
August 27, 2001
unfortunate, as the most economical way of providing housing units for the very
low, low -, and moderate- income families is to first ensure the preservation of
those existing units within a community that serve those needs.
We believe that the State Legislature and the Governor should enact legislation
and policies that address this deficiency in the law. The League of California
Cities, of which the City of Seal Beach is a member, is currently working with
legislators to reform the housing element process.
a Finding 5: The County and cities have a great challenge to provide needed
affordable housing for extremely low and very low people including the working
poor, large families, seniors on fixed incomes and the disabled.
Response of City of Seal Beach:
The City of Seal Beach concurs with this finding. Rising housing costs have
placed an undue financial burden on these individuals. As housing costs escalate,
local governments are faced with an even greater challenge to meet these needs.
The Orange County Register recently reported the median cost of a home in
Orange County is $301,000 requiring an income of over $90,000 per year to
qualify to purchase such a home. The median rent is reported to be over $1,200
per month. Households at low or very low income cannot afford these prices, and
very deep subsidies are required to make housing in Orange County affordable
❑ Finding 6: The County's and cities' Housing Authorities have been
provided with the opportunity for additional Federal Section 8 Housing
Assistance Vouchers.
❑ Recommendation 4: Each time the Federal Government allows applications
for additional Federal Section 8 Housing Assistance Vouchers the Housing
Authorities of Orange County and the Cities of Anaheim, Garden Grove and
Santa Ana should vigorously pursue them.
Response of City of Seal Beach:
The City of Seal Beach concurs with this finding and recommendation. The
Orange County Housing Authority administers the Section 8 vouchers allocated to
the City of Seal Beach. The City supported the County Housing Authority's
recent application for additional Section 8 vouchers because we believe that any
additional housing resources that become available will benefit the entire County.
With the additional vouchers approved, the County was able to serve all those on
the waiting list for rental assistance and new applications were accepted. The
City made applications available at City Hall and local libraries, and City staff
was available to answer questions and assist people in completing their
applications.
Grand Jury Response Utter.Affordable Housing
City of Seal Beach Response Letter re:
2000 -2001 Orange County Grand Jury Report
"Affordable Housing, Light One Candle'
August 27, 2001
However, the level of Federal support for the Section 8 Housing Assistance
Voucher program is entirely inadequate to meet the demand for this assistance.
The County, the various housing authorities, and local governments should
develop a comprehensive program of making the necessity of the expansion of the
Section 8 Housing Assistance Voucher program more important to the Orange
County congressional delegation.
The City wholeheartedly agrees that the Orange County Housing Authority
should vigorously pursue additional vouchers, whenever a Notice of Funding
Availability is issued. The City has consistently supported past applications by
the County in obtaining Section 8 vouchers, and will continue to support future
applications and assist the public when additional vouchers become available.
❑ Finding 7: The County has participated in cooperative efforts with some
cities by providing financial support to develop affordable housing.
u Recommendation 6: The Orange County Board of Supervisors should
continue to support a regional approach to affordable housing including
financial support to cities in their efforts to create additional units.
Response of City of Seal Beach:
The City of Seal Beach concurs with this finding and recommendation. We
acknowledge that the County has worked cooperatively with some cities to assist
in developing affordable housing. Our cooperative efforts with the County have
been in relation to the rehabilitation of existing low- and moderate - income
housing units.
There are some funding inequities in the existing system, e. g., the current
Community Development Block Grant program does not provide much funding
for cities such as Seal Beach, which is a built -out, non - entitlement community and
must compete for funding.
The City of Seat Beach has identified County funding programs in its updated
Housing Element, which the City intends to pursue over the next five years.
These include tax - exempt mortgage revenue bonds; the Housing Authority's
Senior/Disabled or Limited Income Repair Loan and Grant Program and the
Federal Home program. The City of Seal Beach supports the County's efforts
toward the provision of financial support, on a regional level, for the development
of affordable housing units.
Grand Ivry Response Leaer.Affordable Housing
City Council Staff Report
Response to 2000 -2001 Orange County Grand Jury Report
"Affordable Housing, Light One Candle'
August 27, 2001
ATTACHMENT 2
AFFORDABLE HOUSING, LIGHT ONE
CANDLE", 2000 -2001 ORANGE COUNTY
GRAND JURY REPORT, JUNE 14, 2001
GC Grad Jury Report on Affordable linuaingCC ] 1
ORANGE COUNTY GRAND JURY
700 CIVIC CENTER DRIVE WM- SANTA ANA, CALIFORNIA 92701-7141834-3320
FAX 714/834 -5555
June 8,2001
John Bahorski, City Manager
City of Seal Beach
21 18m Street
Seal Beach, CA 90740
Dear Mr. Bahorski:
Attached is a copy of the 2000 -2001 Orange County Grand Jury report, "Affordable Housing, Light One
Candle ". Pursuant to Penal Code 933.05(f), a copy of the report is being provided to you two working
days prior to its public release. Please note that `No officer, agency, department, or governing body of a
public agency shall disclose any contents of the report prior to the public release of the final report "
Emphasis added. (Public release date —June 14, 2001).
It is requested that you provide a response to each of the findings and recommendations of this report
directed to your office in compliance with Penal Code 933.05(a) and (b), copy attached. For each Grand
Jury recommendation, be sure to describe the implementation status, as well as provide a schedule for
future implementation.
It is requested that the response to the recommendations be mailed to C. Robert Jameson, Presiding Judge
Of the Superior Court, 700 Civic Center Drive West, Santa Ana, CA 92701, with a separate copy mailed
to the Orange County Grand Jury, 700 Civic Center Drive West, Santa Ana, CA 92701, no later than 90
days after the public release date, June 14, 2001, in compliance with Penal Code 933, copy attached. The
due date then is September 14, 2001.
Should additional time for responding to this report be necessary for further analysis, Penal Code
933.05(b)(3) permits an extension of time up to six months from the public release date. Such extensions
should be advised in writing, with the information required in Penal Code 933.05(b)(3), to the Presiding
Judge of the Superior Court, with a separate copy of the request to the Grand Jury (address above).
very truly yours,
2000 — 2001 ORANGE COUNTY GRAND JURY
�r �_
JG:mlh f'- �
Attachments Joseph Gatlin, Foreman
Grand Jury Report
Penal Code 933, 933.05
PENAL COVE SECTION 933 AND SECTION 933.05
4 933. Findings and recommendations; copies of 0.1 report:
mmmmt of governing bodiq elective olfittrs, or agency
heeds definition
(a) Bach grand jury shall submit to the presiding judge of the
superior court a final report of in findings and rcmmmcrabou m
that pertain to county swemmsen matters chosen the fiscal or
calendar year. Foal reports an any appropriate wbjm may be
submmed to the prmding judge of the superior court at airy sine
during the term of service of a grand jury. A final report may be
submmed for comment to relideable offimn -Fee= or
dopdrtducam including the mmrry board of wpc,,ona , when
applicable upon finding of the prmding judge that the report u in
compliance with this due. For 45 days after the coal of the terns
the fompcmn and his or her designees shall. upon reasonable
noun, be available to clarify the recommcndmions of the report.
(b) One copy of each final report. wgmher wish the responses
themo. found to be in compliance with this title shall be placed on
file with the wunry desk and remain an file in the office of the
county dent The county clerk Nall immediately forward a one
Copy of the report and the responses to the Smtc Archivist. who
Nall main that repo. and all responses in perpetuity.
(e) No later than W dins after the grand jury submim a final
report on the uperations of urry, public agency subjen to in
ev
riewing authority, the governing body of the public agenry, shall
comment to the presiding judge of the superior court on the
finding and recommendatium pertaining to minters under the
control of the goveming body, and every claimed county officer or
agency head for which the grand jury has responsibility pursuant to
Section 914.1 shall summer within 60 drys to the presiding judge
Of the superior court. wish an infurmmin. copy sum m the haord
Of supmviwa on the finding and remrnmrndaduas perndning m
maters under the control of that counts, officer or agcmy head
and env agency or agencies which Ws officer or agenry hcad
supervixcaar connoh. In am dry and wunry. the mayor Nall also
wmmesit on the findings and recommend.0 na All of dues,
wmmcan and reports shall forthwith be wbmtuast to We presid.
Ing judge of the mpenor court who impaneled the grand jury. A
copy of all mpooses so grand jury reports shall be placed on fde
wish the clerk of the public agenry and the office of the county
clerk, or the mayor when applicabl,% and shall remain an file in
tone offices. One cop shall be plated m file with the applimblc
grand jury final report h,, and in the coneml of the cirri
imp:meled grand jury, where it shall be mainnirmd for a minimum
of foe yeas
(d) As used in this anion 'agenry' includes a department
(Addad b• Sadgl961. a 1284, g JEAN. 1 1. Amendd by Sass
1963. c 674, p 1678 1 1: Ssam.1974. c 393, p 977, g 6:
Sian.1974. c 1.396. p 3053. 13; Sma1977, c 107, p 539, 1 6:
Smo.1977. ,. 187. p. 709, / l: Srmal9W. c. 543. p. MW. 1 7:
Sacra l9B1, c M. p 112A 1 1: Saina 1982 c 14001. P. 5365. 1 %
Saes 1985, c "1.1 1, cogency. cif. Jaly 12 1985. Sms.1987, c. 696.
f 7: Sm4.1988 c 1197, 1 S. SonalW7, c 44J (A.B.829), 1 4:
Scan. 199& c. 230 (A.B.1907).1 1)
4 933X5. Responses to findings
(a) For purpom of subdivision (b) of Senion 933, as to each
grand jury finding, the responding pawn or entiry soul indicate
one of the following:
(1) The respondent agrees with the finding.
(2) The respondent deci wholly or pamally with the
finding, to which case she .,a. shall spedfy the portion of the
finding that u disputed and shall include an cepoidedon of the
reason therefor.
(b) For purposes of subdi mean (b) of Semion 933. as to each
grand jury recommendations the responding person or emery shall
report me of the following anion:
(1) The recommendation has been implemented. with a sum.
mary, regarding rise implemented arum
(Z) The retvnsmendatian has vin yet been implemented bra
will be implemented in the future. with a timefmme for implemcn.
aa.R
(3) The recommendation requires further amlytia wish an
explanation and the scope and pammcmrs of an analysis or study.
said a timefnme for the minter to be prepared for discussion by
the officer or head of the agency or deparonent behm un',nimed
or reviewed. including the gmeming body of the public agency
when applicable. This timcfrsme shall not caceed an munch
from the case of publication of the grand jury report
(4) The reco .daton wtll or be implamswmd bemuse it as
man warranted or is ram reasonable. with an explanaiun thmefor.
(c) However. if a finding or recommendation of the grand jury
addresses budgetary or personnel mucus of a omnm agency or
alepartmcnt handed by on elected officer. both the agency or
dcpartmcvs hand awl the bo:ud of wperviwrs shall respond if
rsyuesmd by the grand jury, but the response of the bound of
supervisors shall address only in= budgetary err persocnd
matters aver which it has come dectu .making authority. The
respome of the elected agency or deparunend head Nall address
all aspens of the finding or rewmmeMations affecting his or her
agency or department.
(d) A grandjury may request a subject person or entiry to Marc
before the grand jury for the purpose of madine and discussing the
finding of the grand jury report that rebates to that person or
entity in order-to verify the accuracy of the findings prior to their
rdc; .
(e) During an imcnlcarlon, the grand jury shall meet with the
Whiem of that imesugation regarding the imcaulcoun. unless the
court. cube, on its own detcrminadon or upon rerpnt of the
foreperson of the grand jury. detemines that such a .,..a
would be detrimentm.
(f) A grand jury shall provide to the affected agency it cop of
the portion of the grand jury report tainting m char person or
entity two working days prior to in public releose and after the
approvd of the presiding judge. No officer, agency, deparuncnr.
Our governing body of a public ugeary shall disclus , any commna of
the report prior to the public release of the final rcpum (A"-d
br Sadm IM. a 1170 (58.1457A 1 7. Aniemled fps Ssaa1997. s.
443 (AB.829).1 J.)
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
LIGHT ONE CANDLE
SUMMARY
'It is better to light one candle than to curse the darkness."
Ancient Chinese Proverb
Orange County faces a serious shortage of affordable housing today and
projections for the future suggest an even more acute problem. Some call it a
crisis!
Orange County's economy is vibrant and growing but most business executives
now recognize housing costs as the primary barrier to locating or expanding their
companies in the County. The ratio of job formation to housing units created is
three times above normal, putting a strain on people of all income levels. More
and more of the workforce are establishing residences in adjacent counties,
which stresses our transportation infrastructure and air quality, and increases
commute time. To address this problem, the Board of Supervisors has now
ranked affordable housing as one of the two top priorities for the County.
While affordable housing needs in Orange County are pressing in several income
levels, they are most acute for the very-low income family. Only a small fraction
( <10 %) of their housing needs have been met in the last several years. There
are financial and government constraints such as land scarcity, cost and zoning.
Some elected officials lack the political will to overcome a fear that low- income
housing will affect local property values.
The County and all cities within the County are in the final stages of updates to
the Housing Element of their General Plan as required by California State law.
This provides a challenge and opportunity to seriously follow through in meeting
goals and objectives in their plans.
The 2000 -2001 Orange County Grand Jury recommends the creation of a
Countywide map to assist all public and private entities to develop affordable
housing units. The Grand Jury strongly recommends all stakeholders cooperate
in a regional approach to diffuse this crisis.
The Grand Jury recognizes that production of sufficient affordable housing is a
daunting challenge. The recommendations alone will not accomplish the task.
This study is one step in the process to raise the awareness and political will of
policy makers and our communities.
PURPOSE /INTRODUCTION
The economy of Orange County depends upon providing housing availability and
opportunities for its workforce. As additional jobs are created in the County's
vibrant economy, the necessity for affordable housing becomes more apparent.
As Orange County continues to be one of the nation's destinations for fulfillment
of the American Dream, many large companies are scrambling to find not just
affordable housing for their workers but any housing at all.
The purpose of this study was to assess the processes, methods and procedures
to accomplish affordable housing goals in the County's and its cities' individual
Housing Elements, a part of their General Plans. Cooperative and collaborative
efforts of the private, non - profit and governmental sectors will be encouraged.
HISTORY/BACKGROUND
Housing is considered affordable when a household pays no more than 30-40%
of its gross monthly income for housing, including utilities. Affordability is further
categorized by income level as shown in the table below. The area median family
income is determined by a survey of household incomes conducted by the
County or its cities, adjusted by household size. In absence of such a survey, it is
based on the latest available eligibility limits established by the U.S. Department
of Housing and Urban Development for the Federal Section 8 Housing
Assistance Program. This program is part of the Housing and Community
Development Act (HCDA), 88 Stat. 633, passed by Congress in 1974.
Affordable Housing Annual Income Categories
Cateoo
Annual
Income'
Max. Affordable
Max, Affordable
Purchase Price
Rent Payment"
Very-Low (0- 50%AMI)
$34,800
$870
$113,000
Low (51- 80%AMI)
$55,680
$1,392
$184,000
Moderate (81- 120%AMI )
$83,520
$2,088
$279,000
Above Mod. IN 016AMI)
$83,520+
Over $2,088
Over $279,000
'Income limits establisheE by Huu. Based on 2000 A 1 of $69.500 far orange County
-Based on 30% of income
" Aassumes 10% dawn payment, 7.5% interest rate, 1.25% fm property tax and $40lmonth homeowners insurance, and
30% debt redo
booms: noussng element at orange o my (Graft)
The following authoritative published reports clearly demonstrate the critical need
for more affordable housing.
In a survey report' of business respondents, 71 % named housing costs as the
top barrier to doing business in the County. A shortage of skilled workers can
prompt employers to move away, or simply not locate in Orange County.
' University of California Irvine Graduate School of Management's Executive
Survey Report for the Year 2000
A 2000 UCLA economic forecast2 notes that there will be an increase in jobs in
California and Orange County but "... the big question is: Where will and how
will we house them ?" The building pace of new housing units has slowed down in
the 90's. The forecast continues, "...the mismatch between demand and supply
will not only manifest itself in home appreciation but also crowding in existing
housing.'
In Orange County, the ratio of job formation and housing units created is 4.67 to 1.
The standard ratio for a healthy jobs/housing balance is 1.5 to 1.3
A Chapman University economic forecast report' projects a widening gap
between job growth and the availability of affordable housing in Orange County.
A Federal Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) reports lists
Orange County as one of the areas in the country with major affordable housing
problems.
Orange County's different zoning processes, high cost of land and insufficient
vacant suburban land make it difficult to meet the affordable housing needs for
much of its population. 8
In the past year, home prices in Orange County rose 12 %, to an average of
$292,000. Condominiums rose 9.5% to $175,000.7 Average rents for two
bedroom apartments increased 10% to $1,1758.
Newspaper articles almost every month from July 2000 to the present describe
the acute need for additional affordable housing units in the County and highlight
the increase in housing and rental costs in the County. Workers' lack of ability to
pay these prices was emphasized.
Orange County's 2000 census data indicates a growing population of senior
citizens. Currently seniors make up 14% of the County's population, but by 2020
they will make up 23% as the Baby Boomer generation reaches retirement age.10
' University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Anderson School of Management's
Economic Forecast of September 2000
' California Budget Project, Locked Out. California's Affordable Housing Crisis,
May 2000
'Chapman University, Economic and Business Review, December 2000
'Department of Housing and Urban Development, Opting In: Renewing
America's Commitment to Affordable Housing, April 1999
`California Department of Housing and Community Development, 2000
DataQuick Information Systems, a private company that tracks and publishes
statistics on home and condominiums sales
' The Los Angeles Times, May 5, 2001
'The Los Angeles Times and The Orange County Register
"The County of Orange, Orange County Community Indicators, 2001
Providing senior citizens with affordable housing is crucial. Many seniors live on
fixed incomes so when the cost of housing goes up their ability to pay the
increase is affected. The California Housing Element Law, Government Code
§65580, et seq., places seniors in a special needs category. This is substantiated
by the fact that seniors make up 30% of those receiving Federal Section 8
Housing Assistance Program.'
In November 2000 the Orange County Board of Supervisors responded to these
important needs by ranking affordable housing as one of the two top priorities for
the County. Subsequent Board of Supervisors' action allocated $34.8 million over
the next five years toward this effort.
Housing Needs Assessment
The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) is responsible for a
Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) and subsequent allocation to the
County and cities. This represents total projected housing needs based on
anticipated population growth with adjustments for replacement housing due to
demolitions and conversions, and for variations in local vacancy rates. Total
allocation for the 1998 -2005 planning period represent an 8% increase over
current Orange County housing units.
Allocation for New Housing for Orange County, 1998 -2005
Income Level
RHNA Fair Share of Housing Units
Very Low
15,046
Low
9,725
Moderate
16,237
Above Moderate
34,506
Total
75,502
Souma: Soumem Califomia A ...tio of Go emme.%
State Housing Element Law does not explicitly require local government
jurisdictions to establish separate objectives for extremely low- income
households, i.e., those with incomes less than 30% of the county median or
about $20,000 per year. This income group has been the priority for
organizations such as the Kennedy Commission, an advocacy group. The Grand
Jury believes the County and cities should recognize that it is important to
address the needs of all economic segments of the County's population,
including the extremely low category. The Federal Section 8 Housing Assistance
Program of HUD has been the primary means for counties and cities to serve this
group in the past. This program is administered through the Housing Authorities
of counties and cities. The Orange County Housing Authority operates the
" Orange County Housing Authority, Annual Plan, 2001
program for unincorporated areas and 30 cities in the County. The cities of
Anaheim, Garden Grove, and Santa Ana have their own Housing Authorities.
The total number of assistance vouchers available to tenants is:
• 8,169 for the Orange County Housing Authority
• 5,400 for the Anaheim Housing Authority
• 1,988 for the Garden Grove Housing Authority
• 2,033 for the Santa Ana Housing Authority
The Federal Housing and Urban Development Department has allocated
additional Section 8 vouchers to California. The Orange County Housing
Authority has applied for 820 of these additional vouchers. Housing Authorities
of the cities have applied as follows: Anaheim -700, Garden Grove -350, and
Santa Ana -500. Federal and State funds for new construction and rehabilitation
have also been appropriated. The County and cities are currently pursuing these
vouchers and funds.
Affordable housing is extremely difficult for those workers who make $7 to $10 an
hour. Occupations in this wage range include construction trade workers, nursing
aides, cashiers, mail clerks, childcare workers, elder caregivers and cooks. Major
amusement parks, healthcare institutions and fast food restaurants are significant
job producers in the minimum and near minimum wage category. Success in
providing affordable housing for these workers is sorely inadequate.
A negative impact on the transportation infrastructure occurs as more of the
workforce of Orange County must find housing in adjacent counties. Air pollution
and freeway - commute time increase, affecting quality of life for all County
residents.
The Housing Element Process
California State Housing Element law requires counties and cities to have a
Housing Element as part of their General Plan. The State of California has
declared that "... availability of housing is of vital statewide importance and the
early attainment of decent housing and a suitable living environment for every
California family is a priority of highest order" (§ 65580 of Government Code).
Further, State Housing Element law requires "... an assessment of housing
needs and an inventory of resources and constraints relevant to the meeting of
these needs,' (Government Code § 65583(a)). The Housing Element spells out
the present condition of housing stock in a particular city or county. The element
projects into the future how a city or county will address the need to provide
affordable housing for residents of that community. The County of Orange and its
cities are creating updated Housing Elements for the 1998 -2005 time period. In
this process, SCAG has the responsibility to allocate the number of affordable
housing units based on income levels for each governmental jurisdiction.
When establishing affordable housing needs, SCAG attempts to arrive at a fair
share allocation. The County and its cities used the Orange County Council of
Governments (COG) as the entity to negotiate the fair share numbers among
Orange County cities.
All Housing Elements are sent to the State of California's Department of Housing
and Community Development for review and approval. The Housing Elements
must also consider the constraints and limitations in local communities for
providing affordable housing. These can be grouped in the following categories:
Financial
• Land scarcity and cost
Construction costs
• Mortgage interest rates
• Availability of mortgage and rehabilitation financing
• Labor costs
• Time required to process developments
Government
• Restrictive zoning
• Building codes
• Land use controls
• Government fees and improvement costs
• State and local tax and fiscal policies
• Environmental concerns
• Complicated government procedures for processing housing projects
Political will and the leadership of elected officials and local governmental staff
are essential for any successful program to generate additional affordable
housing units. An attitude called NIMBYism (Not In My Back Yard) exists in many
communities. There is a fear that creating affordable housing will cause property
values to go down.
The processes and procedures used by local governments to create these
housing elements are intentionally extensive. It requires local entities to look
closely at land use, zoning, regulations, fees and development resources. This
provides a challenge and opportunity to follow through with creative plans and
programs to implement the goals and objectives. Although the sanctions for not
producing the affordable housing are not severe, the mandate to fulfill the
allocations should be taken seriously.
Development Resources
No single map for the County and cities identifies the land available for affordable
housing. The County's Housing Element Draft has proposed an Overlay Zone
that would identify affordable housing land sites. The County and some cities
have maps of affordable housing site locations in their Housing Elements while
other cities have it in narrative form. Countywide information is therefore
somewhat fragmented. Technology called Geographic Information Systems
(GIS) is available but the GIS mapping process requires computer hardware,
software, data, people and training. Layers of information are created and can be
superimposed. Land appropriate for higher density housing development can be
depicted in a consolidated form and be made available to private and public
entities.
Numerous private and public resources are available to develop affordable
housing in the County. Resources can be used in a single program or in
combinations to accomplish the goal to build new housing or rehabilitate existing
units. A compilation of available resources prepared by the City of Huntington
Beach in their Housing Element document is shown as an example in Appendix
B. The County and other cities have comparable documents.
Assessment of Progress
The County appears to be meeting the affordable housing needs of the low and
moderate - income levels but is falling far short in number of units built for the
very-low income group. Less than 2% of new housing needs established by
SCAG for the County unincorporated area for very-low income people have been
met for the 1998 -2000 period.
Progress Toward Meeting New Housing Needs
Orange County Unincorporated Area 1998 -2005
..w•w. �wuye wunry riamm�g a i:eve,opment Servlc°° DCpariment
City progress for the very-low income category is similar to the County's
unincorporated area. Some cities have made zero progress and others have
made as much as 40 %. Overall average for the county is still less than 10 %.
Very
Low
Moderate
Above
Total
Low
Moderate
Total needs 1998 -2005
4,084
2,950
4,992
10,661
- 22,687
Units built 1998 -2000'
67
2,694
3,484
3,106
9,351
%of needs met
2%
91%
70%
29%
41%
Remaining needs 2000 -05
4,017 256 1,508 7,555 13,336
% of needs remaining
98% 9% 30% 71% 59%
`Includes production through
September 30,'2000
..w•w. �wuye wunry riamm�g a i:eve,opment Servlc°° DCpariment
City progress for the very-low income category is similar to the County's
unincorporated area. Some cities have made zero progress and others have
made as much as 40 %. Overall average for the county is still less than 10 %.
Cooperation and Collaboration
A variety of affordable housing types can be developed or rehabilitated to provide
housing choices for very-low income people:
• Single- family homes
• Attached condominiums
• Rental apartment units
• Senior housing
• Single residence occupancy units (SRO)
Recently, the most successful very-low income affordable housing programs use
a cooperative and collaborative model. The County and city Housing Elements
include examples of partnerships among for - profit, non - profit and local
government sectors in producing affordable housing. Innovative financial
packages can be put together so government at all levels (federal, state and
local) can join with for- profit and non - profit organizations to successfully create
affordable housing for very-low income people in the County.
The County's earmarked Affordable Housing Fund includes provision to provide
financial resources to cities to develop affordable housing. The Board of
Supervisors has approved funding for nine projects consisting of 665 units of
affordable rental housing in Orange County during the past year. Three projects
are within the unincorporated areas and six projects are within the cities of
Orange, Stanton, Anaheim, Tustin and San Clemente. The County requires all
projects be marketed to residents throughout the County. In addition, cities are
expected to contribute financially to the support of the project.
The Orange County HCD Department facilitated the establishment of the City—
County Housing Roundtable in September 1999. The membership of this
organization includes local government housing and redevelopment staff. The
purpose of the Roundtable is to provide a forum for discussion and coordination
of Countywide housing issues, procedures and processes.
The Orange County Affordable Housing Home Ownership Alliance ( OCAHOA) is
an example of a private collaborative that assists the County and cities to meet
the affordable housing goals in their Housing Elements. OCAHOA has the
following partners: Merrill Lynch, The Enterprise Foundation, Fannie Mae, Wells
Fargo Bank and the Building Industry Association of Orange County. This
partnership of private and non - profit sectors is aimed at the development of
targeted solutions that will increase the availability and supply of quality
affordable housing for working families. An affordable housing trust fund is a key
component of the Alliance. This fund provides low interest loans to affordable
housing builders for pre - development, site acquisition, and /or rehabilitation.
Merrill Lynch committed the initial one million dollars to establish the fund. The
first project is affordable housing in Buena Park for entry-level professors at
California State University, Fullerton.
The Orange County Affordable Housing Collaboration is another example of an
organization that uses a cooperative approach. It emerged from the Future Search
Conference on affordable housing held in October of 1999. Participating are a
broad range of stakeholders including: business, labor, local elected officials,
government staff, lenders, affordable housing developers and non -profit service
providers.
A new affordable housing program called The Extra Credit Teacher Home
Purchase Program has been created for first -time buyers who are credentialed
teachers, assistant principals or principals. Orange County and the Southern
California Home Finance Authority have teamed up to establish this opportunity
for home buying. Eligible educators must commit to work at a designated low.
performing school in the County for five years. The assistance package includes
a $7,500 down payment grant as well as a low fixed -rate interest mortgage for a
single family home.
In summary, the Grand Jury is encouraged by the progress and
accomplishments that are occurring. All information from housing literature and
from recognized private, non -profit and government leaders indicate that
government assistance is essential to provide affordable housing for very-low
income residents of the County. Collaboration and cooperation give hope that
one candle lighted in darkness can create light at the end of the tunnel.
METHOD OF STUDY
The Orange County Grand Jury interviewed housing officials of the County and
the cities. Also interviewed were the Orange County Business Council, Building
Industry Association of Southern California and non - profit organizations involved
in affordable housing construction and management. In addition, the Grand Jury
conferred with several large employers, local university academicians, SCAG
officials and housing consultants for Orange County.
Site visits were made to affordable single - family homes, single resident
occupancy units and multi - family units in several locations within the County. The
Grand Jury also interviewed occupants of these residences.
The Grand Jury attended committee and taskforce meetings of several
organizations:
• The Orange County Area Agency on Aging
• The City — County Housing Roundtable where local government housing
specialists gather to discuss common issues
• The Orange County Housing Element Resource Team which includes
government, advocacy groups, for - profit and non -profit members
These committees and taskforces include the major stakeholders who discuss
crucial issues involving policy, process and procedures to accomplish the goal to
provide affordable housing for the residents of Orange County.
FINDINGS
Under California Penal Code § 933 and § 933.05, responses are required to all
findings. The 2000 -2001 Orange County Grand Jury has arrived at the following
seven findings:
1. Government financial assistance and innovative financial packages are
essential for the production of very-low income housing for residents of
Orange County.
2. The County does not have a consolidated document or map to illustrate
available land for affordable housing units. The County and individual cities
create their own separate documents depicting the land available to meet
.affordable housing needs.
3. The City — County Housing Roundtable brings together local government
housing experts to discuss mutual programs and plans from a regional
perspective.
4. Production of affordable housing is most successful when the County and
cities cooperate with all stakeholders to provide land, zoning and financing.
5. The County and cities have a great challenge to provide needed affordable
housing for the extremely -low and very-low income people including the
working poor, large families, seniors on fixed incomes and the disabled.
6. The County's and cities' Housing Authorities have been provided with the
opportunity for additional Federal Section 8 Housing Assistance Vouchers.
7. The County has participated in cooperative efforts with some cities by
providing financial support to develop affordable housing.
Responses to all Findings are required from the Orange County Board of
Supervisors and the City Councils of:
Anaheim
Costa Mesa
Fountain Valley
Huntington Beach
La Palma
Laguna Niguel
Los Alamitos
Orange
San Clemente
Seal Beach
Villa Park
Brea
Cypress
Fullerton
Irvine
Laguna Beach
Laguna Woods
Mission Viejo
Placentia
San Juan Capistrano
Stanton
Westminster
10
Buena Park
Dana Point
Garden Grove
La Habra
Laguna Hills
Lake Forest
Newport Beach
Rancho Santa Margarita
Santa Ana
Tustin
Yorba Linda
Responses to Findings 1 -5 are requested from the Orange County Housing
and Community Development Department.
Responses to Findings 2 and 4 are requested from the Orange County
Planning and Development Services Department.
A Response to Finding 6 is requested from the Orange County Housing
Authority and the Housing Authorities of the cities of Anaheim, Garden
Grove and Santa Ana.
RECOMMENDATIONS
In accordance with California Penal Code § 933 and § 933.05, each
recommendation requires a response from the government entity to which it is
addressed. These responses are submitted to the Presiding Judge of the
Superior Court. Based upon the findings, the 2000 -2001 Orange County Grand
Jury recommends that:
1. The Orange County Housing and Community Development Department
(HCD) and the Orange County Planning and Development Services
Department should take the lead with cities in the County to create a
consolidated Geographic Information System (GIS) map or other instrument
designating available land for affordable housing units. This map should be
made available to private and public entities. (Finding 2)
2. A regional approach to provide affordable housing in the County should be
continued. (Finding 3)
3. Orange County HCD should continue to bring stakeholders (business, labor,
local elected officials, government staff, lenders, housing developers, and
non - profit service providers) together to accomplish the task to produce more
affordable housing units in the County. (Finding 4)
4. Each time the Federal Government allows applications for additional Federal
Section 8 Housing Assistance Vouchers the Housing Authorities of Orange
County and the cities of Anaheim, Garden Grove and Santa Ana should
vigorously pursue them. (Finding 6)
5. The County and cities should make a concerted effort to create innovative
financial packages with private, non -profit and public sectors to produce
additional affordable housing for the working poor, large families, elderly and
disabled. (Finding 1)
6. The Orange County Board of Supervisors should continue to support a
regional approach to affordable housing including financial support to cities in
their efforts to create additional units. (Finding 7)
Responses to all Recommendations are required from the Orange County
Board of Supervisors and the City Councils of:
Anaheim
Costa Mesa
Fountain Valley
Huntington Beach
La Palma
Laguna Niguel
Los Alamitos
Orange
San Clemente
Seal Beach
Villa Park
Brea
Cypress
Fullerton
Irvine
Laguna Beach
Laguna Woods
Mission Viejo
Placentia
San Juan Capistrano
Stanton
Westminster
Buena Park
Dana Point
Garden Grove
La Habra
Laguna Hills
Lake Forest
Newport Beach
Rancho Santa Margarita
Santa Ana
Tustin
Yorba Linda
Responses to Recommendations 1 -5 are requested from the Orange
County Housing and Community Development Department.
A Response to Recommendation 1 is requested from the Orange County
Planning and Development Services Department.
A Response to Recommendation 4 is requested from the Orange County
Housing Authority and the Housing Authorities of the cities of Anaheim,
Garden Grove and Santa Ana.
COMMENDATIONS
The Grand Jury commends the Orange County Board of Supervisors for placing
the need to create more affordable housing units as one of the two top priorities
for the County.
The Orange County Housing and Community Development Department is
commended for its initial efforts to bring together County and city housing staffs
to coordinate the regional efforts to produce more affordable units. HCD also
brought together major stakeholders in an effort to create more affordable
housing units for profit corporations, non - profits and the local government
representatives.
Orange County Community Housing Corporation, Jamboree Housing, Mercy
Housing of California, Habitat for Humanity, Orange Housing Development
Corporation and Neighborhood Housing Services of Orange County are
commended for their dedication and accomplishments in the field of affordable
housing for Orange County residents in spite of many obstacles.
12
Appendix A
The Orange County Housing Element (Draft) 2001
City Housing Element, (Available Drafts) 2000, 2001
California's Department of Housing and Community Development, Raising the
Roof.- California Housing Development Projections and Constraints, 2000
California Budget Project, Locked Out: California's Affordable Housing Crisis,
2000
County of Orange, Proposed Affordable Housing Strategy, March 2, 1999
County of Orange Housing and Community Development Department, Annual
Action Plan Fiscal Year 1999 -2000
The Urban Institute, Section 8, Mobility and Neighborhood Health, October 1999
Southern California Studies Center, University of Southern California, Sprawl Hits
The Walk Confronting the Realities of Metropolitan Los Angeles, 2001
Orange County Council of Governments, Smart Growth Strategies to
Accommodate Orange Counties Future, 1999
13
Appendix B
Example of Financial Resources Available for Housing Activities
Program Type
Program Name
Description
Eligible Activities
Grants awarded to the olty on a
Acquisition
1. Federal
Community
formula basis for housing and
Rehabilitation
Programs
Development
community development activities.
Home buyer assistance
Block Grant (COB@
Recipients must be low to moderate
Economic development
a. Fomulal
income (up to 80% MFI), or reside
Homeless assistance
Enfifiements
in a low and moderate-Income
Public services (15% rap)
target area.
Neighborhood revitalization
Home Investment
Flezible grant program awarded to
Nev, construction
Partnership (HOME)
City on formula basis for housing
Acquisition
activities
Rehabilitation
Home Buyer Assistance
Tenant -based assistance
Planning
Section 8 Rental
Rental Assistance payments to
Rental Assistance
Assistance Program
owners of private market rate unit
(certificates), or directly to tenants
(vouchers). Section 8 tenants must
be low income (up W 50% MFI).
Administered by the Orange County
Housing Authority
Section 202
Grants W non -profit developers of
Acquisition
b. Competitive
supportive housing for the elderly.
Rehabi0talion
Programs
Rental assistance is available b
New construction
very lovl- income elderly persons (up
Rental assistance
W 50% MFI).
Support services
Section 811
Grants W con -profits developers of
Acquisition
supportive housing for persons with
Rehabilitation
disabilities, including group homes.
New construction
independent living facilities and
Rental assistance
intermediate a. faclides.
Section 203 (k)
Provides single long -tern, taw•
Acquisifion — dwellings and
interest loan at fixed rate to finance
land
both We acquisition and
Rehabilitation
rehabilitation of residential property.
Relowtion of unit to another
site on new foundation on
the mortgage property
Refinance existing
indebtedness
2. State Programs
Mortgage Credit
Income tax credits available W first -
Home Buyer Assistance
Certifirata (MCC)
time hwnebuyers for the purchase
Program
of new or existing single-family
Musing. Loral agencies (County)
make certificates available.
14
Program Type
Program Name
Description
Eligible Activities
2. Slate Programs
Callfomia Housing
Finance Agency
Below Market rate financing offered
New Construction
(cont)
(CHFA) Rental
to builders and developers of
multiple family and senior rental
Rehabilitation
Acquisition of properties
Housing Progrema
housing. Tax exempt bonds provide
from 20 to 150 units
below- market mortgages.
Low Income Housing
Tax Credit
Tax credits available to individuals
New construction
and Corporations that invest in low -
Rehablition
income rental housing. Tax credits
Acquisition
antl to people high tax liability,
and re
proceeds are used m create
housing
i
3. Local
Programs
Redeve[Gpmenf
Housing
20 Percent of Agency tax increment
New construction
Set -Aside Funds.
funds are set -asitle for affordable
housing activities govemed by stale
Rehabilitation
Acquisition
Law.
Tax Exempt Housing
The city can support low income
New construction
Revenue Bonds
housing by issuing housing
Acquisition Rehabilitation
mortgage revenue bonds requiring
the developer to lease a Toed
percentage of rite units in low
Income households and maintain
Me rents at a specified rate.
4. Private
Federal National
Loan applicants apply to
Resources,
Mortgage Association
participating lenders for the
Financing
(Fannie Mae)
following programs
programs
-
a. Community
Hone Mortgage
Mortgages which fund the
Home buyer assistance
Improvement
purchase and rehabilitation of
Rehabilitation
a home.
Program
b. Community
Seconds
Fixed rate second mortgages
Home buyer assistance
issued by pmale mortgage
Mortgage Loans
insurers.
c. Fannie
Neighbors
Law Down Payment
Home buyer assistance
Mortgages for single- Family
Hate in under server) low -
income and minority
communities
d. Fannie 97
3% down payment mortgage
Down payment assistance
loans for low income home
buyers
3% [Gana for noproffrs,
go comment agencies to pay
for owing cosh
Federal Home Loan
Bank Affordable
Direct Subsidies to non-profit and
New COttSiNCtion
tar -profit developers and Wblic
Housing Program
agencies for affordable low-income
ownership and rental projects.
Applicants respond lo NOFAS, with
funds awarded on competitive
basis.
l5