Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutCC AG PKT 2008-01-14 #T e AGENDA REPORT DATE: January 14, 2008 TO: Honorable Mayor and City Council THRU David Carmany, City Manager FROM: Vince Mastrosimone, Director of Public Wolks SUBJECT: APPROVAL OF PARCEL MAP NO. 2005-311 FOR PROPERTY AT 901-1101 PACIFIC COAST HIGHWAY, OWNED BY COLUMBIA REGENCY RETAIL PARTNERS, LLC. SUMMARY OF REQUEST: e It IS requested that the City Council approve Parcel Map No. 2005-311 as presented, instruct the City Clerk to execute said Parcel Map as required, and to forward executed Parcel Map No. 2005-311 to the County of Orange for further processing and recording as reqUIred. BACKGROUND: The subject development is located at 901-1101 Pacific Coast Highway, corrunonly known as the Vons Shoppmg Center, which is on the north Side of Pacific Coast Highway between Bolsa Avenue and Balboa Dnve. Pacific Coast Highway is 50 feet wide from property Ime to Centerlme of Highway. Bolsa Avenue IS 30 feet wide from property line to centerline of avenue on the north and 40 feet wide on the west. Balboa Drive is 30 feet wide from'property line to centerline of the road. The site is a relatively level 7.9 acres. The property is bounded by reSidentially and commercially zoned properties. Approval of Parcel Map No. 2005-311 will formally create the five (5) new parcels on the subject property and in accordance with the terms and condluons of Tentative Parcel Map No. 2005-311 will allow the building of commercial structures and parking on the newly created lots in accordance with Building Codes and City and State regulations. At the June 19, 2006 Planning Commission meeting, the tentative map was approved by Planning Resolution No. 06-11. The developer is Development Resource Consultants of Anaheim Hills, CA e As part of the development, new landscaping includmg sod and pavers shall be installed within the City Right of Way. The developer shall repair, replace or construct missing, Agenda Item T e damaged, or broken frontage improvements along the frontage of the development. All utility services are to be constructed in accordance with the conditions of approval for this development. Since the public works improvements have been constructed and approved, a fonnal subdivision agreement is not needed to guarantee that the required conditions and unprovements for this subdivisIon be completed. All necessary fees, deposits, subdivision agreements and guarantees have been received. Parcel Map No. 2005-311 has been reVIewed and approved by the County of Orange Public Facilities & Resources Department County Surveyor and the City of Seal Beach City Surveyor for comphance with all required Subdivision Map Act requirements and by the City Engmeer and Director of Development Services for compliance with all conditIons of approval of Tentative Parcel Map No. 2005-311, and it is appropriate for the City Council to approve Parcel Map No. 2005-311 as presented. FISCAL IMPACT: No fiscal impact. All costs WIll be paid or be reimbursed by the developer. Appropriate plan check and building permit fees will be charged as costs are incurred. e RECOMMENDATION: It is recommended that the City CouncIl: I) Approve Parcel Map No. 2005-311 as presented. 2) Instruct the CIty Clerk to execute Parcel Map No. 2005-311 as required. 3) Instruct the City Clerk to forward executed Parcel Map No. 2005-311 to the County of Orange for further processmg and recording as required. Prepared By: ~.~}~~)~ .. . &p.... .E. """"""- -.. -:. Reviewed By. I/LL Mi~haeilfio, P.E. City Engmeer ;z~:; V_ Mu ....." . - . Director of Public Works NOTED AND APPROVED: 0--.( ~ David N. carman# CIty Manager e Attachments: Parcel Map 2005-; 11 e RESOLUTION NUMBER_ A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SEAL BEACH Al'PROVING PARCEL MAP NO. 1005-311 ALSO KNOWN AS 901-1101 PACIFIC COAST ffiGHWAY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SEAL BEACH DOES HEREBY RESOLVE: e WHEREAS, Parcel Map No 2005-311 winch estabhshes the commen:ial development for the subdlVlslon of one (1) CXIsbng lot, 79 acres m SIze 1010 five (5) separate lots, WIth a IDlll1mum parcel SIZC of 0 37 acres The subject lot IS located at 901-1101 PacUic Coast HIghway and has been revtewed by the CoUllty of Orange County Surveyor, and the CIty of Seal Beach Ctty Surveyor for compltance with all reqwred SuhdlVlSloo Map Act requIrements, and has been revIewed by the CIty of Seal Beach City Engmeer. and the Clly of Seal Beach Duector ofDevelopmcnt Semces for compliance WIth all ccncI1110ns of approval ofTenlsbve Parcel Map No. 2005-311, and WHEREAS, the owner of the lot b<;l'g Snh!lIVlded, Columbia Regency Rets1I PIlI1n..... LLC , has agreed WIth the condll1ons of approval and has requested the approval of Parcel Map No 2005-311, and WHEREAS, the CIty Managem recommendmg approval of Parcel Map No. 2005-311. NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the City CounCJl of the CIty of Seal Beach does hereby approve Parcel Map No. 2005-311. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the CIty Clerk IS ms1ructed to execute Parcel Map No 2005-311 as reqwred and 10 folWard executed Parcel Map No 2005-311 10 the County of Orange for further processing and recordmg as reqwred. PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED by the CIty Council of the CIty of Seal Beach on the...M!!L day of Januarv. 2008 by the followmg vote. AYES' CouncIl Members NOES: CounCIl Members ABSENT COunCl] Members ABST AlN Council Members Mayor ATIEST CIty Clerk STATE OF CALIFORNIA } COUNTY OF ORANGE } SS CITY OF SEAL BEACH } l, Ltnda Devmc, CIty Clerk of Seal Beach, Caltfonua, do hereby cerufy that the foregoIng resolubon .s the angmal copy ofResoluttoo Number _on file in the office of the CIty Clerk, passed, approved, and adcptcd by the CIty Council of the CIty of Seal Beach, at a regular mcettng thcrcofheld on the 14th day of Janusrv 2008 e CIty Clerk PARCEL MAP NO. 2005-311 IN THE CITY OF SEAL BEACH, COUNTY OF ORANGE, STATE OF CALIFORNIA BEING A suaDIVlSION OF LOT 161 OF TRACT NO. 2S91 , AS PER MAP RECORDED IN aCOK BJ, PAGES 14 TO 1B INCLUSIVE OF MISCEU..ANEOUS MAPS. IN lHE OFACE OF lHE COUNTY RECORDER OF ORANGE COUNTY SHEET 1 OF 3 SHEETS ALL CF 1lNTA~ PARCl!L IIAP NO ......., AREA _ 7 i21 IDlES GROSS . PNlCEl.S e MAY 2007 OWNER'S STATEMENT lIE. 1JiE UNDERSIGNED, BEI<<J ALL PARTIES HAWG NlY RECCIRD 1fIL[ INtEREST IN 1HE LAND CO\'ERED BY' 1HI1 MAP, DO HEREBY CONSENT 10 THE PREPARAlIDN AfrI) R[CClIlDA'IION CF SAID WAP, AS SHDVoM 'MlHIN 1Ht DlS1INCllVE BORDER UNE. CCIWMIlIA REGEMCY RETAIl.. PMlMERS, u.c. A DElAWARE UNI1m UAIIUTY CDNPANT !=~~~~G~..~... ~~ NOTARY ACKNOWLEDGMENT Sl'ATlr:E' r.""fl' -)Iii ) CClUNTYOF~~I.') ...t:.\AlI"""'.<L'"\ ~I!!"af....""'~A ===.;~:ttll~~ lI~:-_~~~~~ ~ to IE DE PUmlN(S) 'lH0SE NMIE(s) ./ME SUBSCa8ED 10 nlE 1lntN INS1RUUENT AND AClCNOWI.EDGED 10 ME mAT ~/'fHE'l' DEaIlED TIE SAM[ IN ~E1R NJ1HORlZED CAPAal'l'(U). AND tHAT In" ~ElR SlllNA'IURE(S) CN 1M[ tlSTRLIENT THE PEJtSOI(S). OR nw: DfIlTY UP(Irt BOWl' CF MUCH tHE PERSON(S) ACTED, EXECU1ED 1HE INS1RlMNT .'!NESS MY HAND =~~~~CONWISSI:~~~C lHE COUNTY CF K'/' PRlNCPAL PLACE OF 1USIt€SS~ ~.~ e NOTARY ACKNcnNLEOGMENT STATE CIF ) COUNTY CF ) ON BEFORE ME, A NOTARY PUBlIC, PERSONALLY APPEARED PERSONAlLY KNOWN 10 ME (OR PRO'9ED TO ME ON THE BAlIS f1f SA,1ISFACtan' lVlllOlCE) TO IE 1HE PEJl~s) tlHOSE NAME(S) I5/ARE SUBsatllED TO 1HE WlHII' INSlRUNENT AND Ac:kNaWLEDCEO 10 ME tHAT HE/SHE/lHEY EXEQJTlD THE SAME 1M HI5/HERI1HEIR AU11lCRlZED CAPAan(JES). AND lHAT BY HI5/HERIIHEIR SlGNA'MlE(S) ON 'DIE INS1RlAIENT tHE PERSOH(S). DR 1ME ENTITY UPON BEHALF (I' .-ot 1HE PERSON(s) ACtm, manED 1Ht IMSTRlIMENT "'tMtSS MY HAND SIllNAlI.IRJ' ..., COUMlS$lON DPlRES_ :'t'"COUtfTY CF MY PRtlClPAL. PlACE CF ~a:M1SS1ClN MMlER - SIGNATURE OMISSIONS IN ACCCRDANCE 11TH THE PROWIOHS OF SEClIl>>1 A435faK3XA)(C) OF 'H: SUIUWSlON MAP ACT. 1M[ f'aJ.DWHC SlCNA1\JlES HA\'E BEEN CIoITlEb arr CF SEAl. 8EAaf, HOLDER ClI' AM tASEUENT FOIl SANlTAR'" SEWER AND 1tCII(MTAl., PURPOSES AS SHOYf4 ON TRACT NO 2511 FILED IN 'ODIC &1 PAGO 14 ltItDUGH 1. Of' MISC8.1.AHEOUS "APS SCUlHEIUf CAlIaVIA EDISCN COMPANY, HlI.DeR CF AN tASENENT FOIt PUBlIC U1IJlIES AND IfCIJEHTALPUIlPOSES, RECClROED MA..... 11. AS IN$11WMEHTNO 4IllI1N IOOIC 7124. PAGE: W CF cmaAL RECOIlDS SOUtHERN CAI.IFOIHA EDISON COMPANY. HCI.IleR CF AN EASEMENT ftIII PUBUC Ull.I1I!S AND ItCIIlENTAl. PURPOSES, RECOIIDED MARCH 21, 2DOB AS INSTMJMENT NO 2DD1ODl1111W4 CF OI'FIClAl RECORD$ COLUMBIA REGENCY RETAL PARTNERS, L1.C, A DELAWARE UNITED UA8lJTY ca.FAN.... L!SSEE IJMDEIl A lEASE RECCRDED N~BER 12. 11114 AS INS1IUIEMT NO 1231 IN IODIC 7287. PAGt 734 (F omaAl. RECCJlIlDS GAIU'IEUl 8[ACH C'I5. 11.c. LESSEE UNDER AN UMREIXlRDED LEASE AS OISQ.osm .... AN AMENDED AND RUTATED ..DlCRANDUM DF' LEASE, IIlECOIIDED 1I.MOl 22 2Oa8 AS INS1IMlENT"O ZODIOCI07521111 (F OFFICIAl.. RECORDS. FlOIIEHCE HEI.I.MAN EHRNAN. Q.ARA HELLNAN HEI.LER. EDWARD tEllMAN HEI.I.ER, ,. HEI.I.NAH, AIEllERICIC J ICWIAN, I'LORENCE H IlIN1CEl.5PlEl. IIARCO F HD.1.MAN AIfJ WEU.S FARCO BANk I:lNON 1RUST CO. A ClH"CItA1lCIN, HClDERS Of' ALL ClI., GAS, AND C11HER MMIW.S OR H'l'DROCAR8ON SUBSTANtES, AS 1lESEII:'l/ED IN 1M! DUD IIECOROED I'EBRUNI'I' ... 1154 IN BOOK 2IIJ" PAClE I OF' cmCIAI. RECOROS e ACCEPTiD AND FI.ED AT tHE II[QUESl" IF PASCAL R. APOlHElOZ. L S. 7734 DA'II: 1II<<_mt INSlJIUWDlT. IODlC _ PAGE "'" DALY CllU'tT'l'Q.EII(-RECORllER IY ....rr SURVEYOR'S STATEMENT ltfIS MAP WAS Pll:EPAIlED evut OR UHllER NYDlIlEC'llON"'" II BASED \F'ClN A FIELD SURVET III CONI'DRIIANCE W1lH 1Ht IIECMRDIENTS CIF 1tE SUlllMSlON MAP ACT AND LOCAL OIIDINANCES AT THE flEQtJEST DF IIEGENC'I' aNUS IN "A'" 2IlII7 I HEREIn' STAtE THAT ALL MClNUIIENTS AlII 011ME CHARACTER AHD OCQIPY tHE PClSI1lONS IIGCATED. CR mAT THtY Will. BE SET IN SUCH POSIlICJrIS 1II11tN 24 MONTHS OfF lHI!: FILING OF' nil "AP. AM) THAT SAID MONUMENTS ARE IU'FICENT to ENAIIZ. lIfE SURYE'l'1O E RETRACED I HEREBY ITAlllHAT 1111 PARCEL MAP SUBSTANTlALL... CCINf"QRMS 10 THE APPRO\'!D OR CONDlTlONALL... APPRO'IED TDfTAlNI IIAP. .. AMY ~ //-D1-D1 R APOlHELOZ. LS NO 7734 DA.1E RECIS1ItAlION DlPIRA1ION DA1E 12/31/b7 CITY ENGINEER'S STATEMENT I HEREB'" STA1E lHAT I HA'€ EXAMINED lHlS MAP AND HAVE FOOND IT 10 lIE SUBSTANTIALLY IN CClNFaRMANCE 'MlH THE TENTA1I\IE NAP, IF' IWXIRED. AS FILEIJ WITH, AMENDED AND APPROVED 8'1' lItE. CITY Pl.AHNING CDNSSDI. lHAT AU. PRO\IISICJrtS CF THE SUBDMSION MAP ACT AND CITY SUIIDMSICN flEGl.U.1IONS HA\IE BEEN CClU'LIED .... 111- DAtED THlS7:i 00\'" Of ~eW.WI~ &,~I~r aT'l' ENGIEER. CITY CF SEAL. lEACH R,CL 22103 REClSTltA'IION EXPIRES '2/3I.M7 COUNTY SURVEYOR'S STATEMENT I HEREB'" STAlE lHAT I HA'€ E:XAIIIG THIS MAP AND "A\IE PtlJND THAT AU. IIN'PING PRCMSIONS Of" '!ME SJlDMSlON YAP ACT HA\IE 8EEH COMPlIED \\IlH AND AN SA1ISfI!D SAID MAP IS 1ECHNICIoI.LY CORRECT DATED 1MS _ DAY Of" ""- M'NOND L MATtE, COUH1Y SUR\'E'l'llR LS .115 EXPIRA1ION DAlE. C1J/3I/01 CITY CLERK'S CERTlACATE STAlE OF CAl.lFCIRNIA ~ COUNTY Of" CIIWlCE I HEREB'" STAlE lHAT THIS MAP WAS PRESENTED FOR APPROVIoI.. TO 1HE aT'l' COUMCL Of" lItE. mv (F SEALIEAat AT A. REGtUR YEUNG ~ MElD ON lHE _ DA... Of" 100_ IlND THAT lHERaIPCN s.w CClUNCI. 01), B'" AND ORDER DU.1' PASSED Al40 ENlEftED, APPROVE SAID NAP AM) 011 ALSO APPRCM: SAIO MAP PURSUAl4T TO 1M[ PllO'ttSlONS CF stC1Iat 11I431 (aX3)(A) (F 1tE SUIlOMSlCN MAP ACT DAlEDnD_DAYlF ""- LItD\ DEWtCE, an a.ERIC (F SEAL IlEA01 COUNTY TREASURER-TAX COllECTOR'S CERTIFICATE STAlE Of' CAI.IFCRNIA ~ CClUMT'r1F_ I HEREB'" c:am1'Y lHAT ACCORDINC 10 1H[ RECDROJ OF ..... OfFICE. lHERE ARE NO UENS AGAIGT tHE LAND CO\IEREO B'" 1HIS MAP OR AH'l' PART lHEREOF' FOR UNP'AlID STA1I. COUNTY. IlUNCPAI. OR lOCAl. TAXES OR SPEaIoL ASSE5SUENlS CCll.I.EClED AS TAXES, EXCEPT TAlCES OR SPEOAI. ASSUSWENTS CCl.LEC1ED AS TIolIES "OT lET PA"'AII.!.. AND DO CER1U"l' 10 THE RECClADER Of" ORANl:E c:cutTY lHAT 1HE PRCMSIONS CF 1M[ SIIIIlI\IlSICN MAP ACT HAW: BEEN CClIIPlJED YIITH REDMDlNC DEPOSITS 10 SE.tURE PA'lMENT OF' TAXES OR SPEaAl ASSESIMENts CCUEC'IED AS TAXES ON THE lAM) CXMRED I'T 1HIS MAP DATED 1MS DAYOF' 20_ r:NR~W !I:'IRF'FT CCUNTY 'IREA5URER-TAX CCl.I.ECTClR. IY IlEPU1YTREASURElt-TAlICCl.LEC'ICR e 1\ I \ , \ , \ t \ :: \ ---'-"7/11 \ , r; I \ , ~; I \~\ I tal~ \\ , f~. '? 1 ~ I NOU~~' <C a IlNIIO~""""""""""ON \ ~ -T~~ "'" '" -== \~% Ii 1 I \~ I~g. I '" I a \ si!'.~ I ~; h \ I:S' , "';, ~~ \=;~~ >....1 ~ 't.I1II~1 ~ -(tH~~)~ d'~' ....:;f .:,.\,,::.1 - ,r- -, -~~\ .I!:' ~ ,aII'll Lal,HliIiI:, .ll:j ~ ; ~i ~-I I II '-","'''' \ i,.:':).. cl e8 a I, il~ I '--. Ill; :t '9 II ~7 ~III i~~~l" ----...,,~ '. <O~ ~: ~ &~ I~ ;~ 1 ~~~i ',_ - ~.".~.'r...~,~,.~ ~a~ ~:!~ ~ I ~g~!ll'. ~B ....+0 - ;U ~: 1 ~Si8 ! U 09 . I~ ~I: ~I I ~ alii "'; I :!~ ~~ g; ~I~ ~ ~i g: ,I ~ i~i ~a'~ , ,;, II "Q... < Sa i:~i ,;,' !I! '.. ~s r/i ." ~ n~ ~i~1 ' .. I~ ~ "0' 'lo :a';" ,:,,'" ~ '" h~~ ..",' ~ ,;' '"'' (l '" b ~'Ci 0 I i "a-" A' .. z.~ il 10 iJ 0.... , I ~ I" 1 I i~ lji," I '''~ ,,,,,' 1--.. ./. ~ ,/.... I nt'OHI ~~r.'" <I, I) i' , I~ ~J:~ / 1 i r..+;~~ ~o ~ r f'.., 1 ~~ / Q~ ~i 1 ~ 1 ~~ I~ ;I~ , I.~ Ea~ 1 ,~I n; ~ n J /~ ui F I ~ ~ . = T t.,i." ~;~ ~~~~I~; , ~ 5""1~8~~i I I"' ;; ihi~~~'n , 1 .. ili~~l~12~. , / ~ d~~;I~lli=Hii 1Il_.ma, E ... .C 1- l!I CI etsIBiii!E~ :I ~ il" i! o ~.~b~~ ~ iil!~~il .. i -"~~a .C1lj=:liIUi~ o U'I~a!il~ z~ it' ~ ;!.~~12 I ~a 3 ^ I H 0 ,,~I =!,LIl. 3.~1.lRf4-. ) ... -,FlLOLt -. ......::;..~ O.D ~ l::i ~ ~ :Q-~)... -,I' gill' -t.,. UL,toLION ~ .11' 1.",+ ".. " ~~ I') ~ .p~ 1;;'- ~ ~.;<~ ,,~ """", ... ,.. ... " ,.. " ('I)tJ ui I ~ .J IO~ N 9 00 '" OlS 5 .. ~~< .. z_ 0: ,:>Z 00"' ~ e uo .... f;l Z:i~ .. ~u ... Q. w.... mo <C <iJ!! ::::Ew< "'I- ....'" ...0 w~ O~ 1:Ci!' " 0 <C~ 0 '" Q. ~ :::I e e ~ I ~ t ~ ili . ~ ~ ~ l!s;S 5i ~ ~-' a i ~~i ! ~.~ liiEii! ~: k \;110 E" _::l~ ~8 ~~ ~. !-~ ~. 1I11'i!' ~~ ar i ~ u _ " . E . ~.~ '~ t ~ 8= ~. ~~ II . ... . !!l;!~II;JlI _ ;:1'1 '" ilS ~ II ~ ~-~ ~ '" " i i " ~ ~Ga DDDU il ~ ~ ;Iii 1 ~ h~ Q~ " ........ 12 ~:!i S ~;.;~ .. II ~ fi ~~~ d : ~ i 15~B~; II~ "15 :U~ I; = ~ m : ~!(;I.;';~ a~ ~ ~ ~I~I ~gl D.~ ffi ~ ~ ~It~ ~~~ m:i! ~ m m~ ~;.;g. ~I! ~.~ z ~ ~z ~~ "W ..,~ . ~ ~ i 2~ 2;1t ~~~ ~~~ o z= ~ ~ " !l!u . "'I " 1&.I:i~"'''' ~III. ii H d! i!;~li~ ~MIi~ !1;I;i .j!!."~~ ~ I:;ii~ ~ 1~lli~ ; ~~;!:h ~ I ~i~8i!! c sia.!i~lD.o ~:;~::J :1 b z ffi :::I '" ~ o z i : ~.... 8 l!i " IO"CD ....I j.'"' ..... .-. ~ ~~!1 ... '; ::= a: '''Ii e h,... ii:ll ti nJ~ Ii!U tl ,ccc en ~~i I:lIU ~ Im~~ 0: aB l:! .. ll!ill ~ . u ~ i~ 5l ~t ~ . " !~~I ~I~" '.'~ ~~I~ !h~ ~ ~.;j= ~ ~1:aJl ~ ~~ 1i~1 .. I ~I ... I~~D i !i:~i ... ... ,., ... ... ... CW)~ iii -' I z ~ II)~ -' o~ '" j5 00 0 C\I ~< ~ z_ II< .::>z -' e 000:: <5 00 "- III Z-::J < :c< .. ~o a. w"- mo <C;;!~ ::IE w< "'I- ,,-'" 0 ....~ w- O~ ... a:F 0 0 <C;;:: '" >- a. < '" e ~ ~ B ~ ~ a ,,; ~ . . ~ S := 8 ~~~ i ili ~~~ ~ ~~ ~! HI ;~~ :i= :~I ~;= ~.~ I'~ ~1!1 i1ii ~II :~: ft!l ~ ~!l, ~h I~!I I~; ~ I~;S ii~~ i~:1 z <li'l 3~~ i~~<I I m lIii III: ~lS ~ 1m :, "II :t' ~~ ~8 c ~ !., u ~.. ~., ~~ N . ......;:;.'~~ ODOI ill ~ ~---@i' 0- lD _ . I I ~ M JZ!!:::!!!S ~ ~ . . I~ ~I . w . !! ~ .RLOI['3^IYO~_ !:!---~cii ~I ,lIl.nz l.II,tllON "_ "LteI '\'U1 I I ...I )(' I~ -11 ~ "I ~I < -I ;/ L il I I" ljl.... /; ~ ~ . ! "B I! 8 ~ xc HI 3.0E,za.LON o m -'" "'''' ;S>: ..Ill :J .... o~ !II", ~~ < -0 l:lz lis z.. ...c zz w< "'... =>z Zw g", "'~ elii "'''' 8~ >: lit _ tfS IIlZ 1 ~ p~ ~; iii ~B Is I ~ ~I t' il ; 2/ ; ~I ~I I I I ~'" ,~ I" // j'qT I' i ..J;~ ~_...~~... ~?f' . r' !i .r ~ Q. ~, ;,~ ~I I 11 e~ c GU:_ ~'I~at::;: ..... a_..I'll" ~::::i~~9!:;9~::::i::::i:::i:;:; . ~ ~ionIl'lN..ri ~~C\t___.. >-' !t! < .... "'~~ ~~ a~i..lIlreiii 56~GB8